richard france, socio-economic

Question 1

What did Richard and John say to Henry VI (Richards captor)

Answer 1

Offered him 80,000 marks to hold Richard priosner until Michealmas 1194

Question 2

What happens between John and Richard when he arrives back to England

Answer 2

• John joins Richard and gives him Evreux
  
  • Richard forgives him while describing him as a foolish child

Question 3

What did Phillip do with John surrendering the Vexin to him

Answer 3

• Phillip’s invasion of Normandy in 1193 resulted in the surrender of the key fortress of Gisors
  
  • Most of North Eastern Normandy fell into his hands and John was given the city of Evreux to hold

Question 4

What humiliating peace for Phillip’s first invasion were Richard’s men forced to agree to at Mantes July 1193

Answer 4

• Phillip kept all of his territorial gains
• As well as the major strongholds of Drincourt, Arques, Loches and Chantillon-sur-Indres
  
  • Agreed that Richard would pay him 20,000 marks

Question 5

What was the peace treaty agreed at Mantes July 1193

Answer 5

• Phillip kept all of his territorial gains
• As well as the major strongholds of Drincourt, Arques, Loches and Chantillon-sur-Indres
  
  • Agreed that Richard would pay him 20,000 marks

Question 6

What happened to Phillips invasion of 1194 when Richard was released in February 1194

Answer 6

• Most of the barons defected to Richard including John who handed Evreux in the process
• Richard’s forces drove Phillip out of Normandy and by June he was reasserting his authority in Greater-Anjou
• He occupied Tours and recaptured the key fortress of Loches
  
  • It was clear that the Capetian king was on the back foot and he arranged a truce on 23rd July 1194

Question 7

What did Richard and Phillip do throughout 1195

Answer 7

• throughout 1195 the 2 kings seized, built and demolished castles
  
  • Alice was returned to Phillip in August 1195 to be married to William, Count of Ponthieu to secure an alliance against Richard

Question 8

What was the January 1196 Peace of Louviers

Answer 8

• the territory that Richard has recaptured was recognised
  
  • in return Phillip kept control of most of the Vexin, including the critical castle of Gisors

Question 9

How did Richard respond to Phillip keeping Gisors

Answer 9

• Richard responded by building the new castle known as Chateau Galliard at the town of Les Andelys
• The existence of it meant Richard had effectively secured the Seine valley downstream to Rouen and mitigated Richard’s loss of the Vexin

Question 10

What array of alliances had Richard built up by 1198

Answer 10

1. October 1196 he secured an alliance with the new count of Toulouse, Raymon VI, through the count’s marriage to Richard’s sister Joan
2. A trade embargo on Flanders forced by 1197 count Baldwin IX had also switched sides
3. By 1198 he was joined by Count Renaud of Boulonge
4. Pope Innocent III supported Richard’s nephew to become the new Emperor

Question 11

What truce in 1199 clearly indicated Richard having the upper hand

Answer 11

Phillip was forced to renounce all his gains except the Gisors in the Vexin

Question 12

How much did Richard spent on Chateau Galliard

Answer 12

Richard expended some 15-20k on Gaillard in 1196, more than the 7k spent on English castles in his entire reign

Question 13

What statistic shows how much Richard had sold off the royal offices

Answer 13

by the end of 1198 only 5 pre-existing sheriffs remained in their posts

Question 14

How much did Richard raise in 1190

Answer 14

The pipe roll of 1190 showed that he had raised the staggering total of £31,000 that year, far more than his father had ever achieved

Question 15

What tax and feudal aid was employed to raise the ransom for Richard

Answer 15

• After Richards capture a tax of 25% on all revenues was imposed on all laymen as well as upon the English Church
  
  • A feudal aid was also raised from Richard’s knights amounting to £1 per knight’s fee

Question 16

How did fines for wardships increase under Richard

Answer 16

Fines received for wardships increased under Richard from an average of 176 marks to 1158 marks

Question 17

How did funds from baronial widows increase under Richard in 1198 alone compared to the total reign of Henry II

Answer 17

Funds from baronial widows rose from a total of around 2100 marks in the total reign of Henry II to around 1700 marks in 1198 alone

Question 18

How did amercements for the forest eyre increase once commenced in 1198

Answer 18

• A widely hated forest eyre commenced in 1198 with proceeds that rose from £22 in 1197 to £748 in 1198

Question 19

How much of the real value of the royal demense was Richard able to access by 1198 compared to Henry II

Answer 19

Henry II had been able to utilise 60% of the real value of the royal demense this had shrunk to just 39% by 1198

Question 20

Give a town that Richard sold charters to in 1189 and 1194

Answer 20

In 1189 he sold charters to towns including Hereford, Bath, Colchester and Northampton

In 1194 charters were sold to Norwich, Doncaster and Portsmouth

Question 21

What made charters a good way of raising money

Answer 21

• Charters were a relatively painless short term means of extracting money; yet they granted towns rights which in the long term, increased the profitability of their economic activities and granted them a larger say in how they administered themselves
  
  • The granting of charters stimulated the economic growth of English towns and their increasing prosperity

Question 22

What did Richard to to Flanders in 1194

Answer 22

• In 1194 Richard I enforced an embargo on English trade with Flanders
  
  • This economic welfare had a serious impact on certain towns since Flanders was a major importer of English wool and grain; Flemish goods were seized and sold in England and merchants trading with them was fined

Question 23

What is an example of a fine for dealing with Flemish merchants

Answer 23

e.g. Simon Kime was fined 1000 marks for allowing Flemish merchants to leave from Boston Fair in Lincolnshire with their goods

Question 24

What were the main causes of Jewish Persecution

Answer 24

• Economic resentment
• Third Lateran Council of 1179 ordered Christians to minimise contact/relations w Jews
• Seizing Jewish wealth for the Crusade/ attacking infidels
• Hostility also grew from blood libel myths of the fanatical tales of the sacrifice of Christian children had become increasingly common

Question 25

What was the first major incident of Jewish Persecution

Answer 25

• The first major incident of Richard I’s reign occurred at his coronation at Westminister in 1189 where the King had forbidden the Jewish delegation from entering the hall
• However some were pushed inside and this prompted a mass attack on the Jews by the crowd
  
  • This mob then spread throughout the city of London and there were attacks upon Jewish persons and property that lasted until the next day

Question 26

What happened to Jews after Richard departed for the Crusade

Answer 26

• surge of attacks made against Jews throughout England
• Riots broke out in Lynn and spread to towns such as Norwich , Stamford , Lincoln and Colchester
  
  • 57 jews were massacred at Bury St Edmunds on Palm Sunday 1190

Question 27

What was the most notorious act of Jewish Persecution in Richard’s absence

Answer 27

• Nobles, knights and the citizens of York joined in the attacks on the small Jewish community; killing many and forcing the rest to take refuge in Clifford’s Tower
• The leader of the mob was led by the castellan, Richard Malebisse, who like many were heavily indebted to the Jews
  
  • The record of the debts to the Jews were also tagreted for destruction

Question 28

What was the long term response of the crown to Jewish Persecution

Answer 28

• Royal justices were formally established to oversee the tallage of the Jews to ensure that their wealth was fully exploited by the Crown
• Debts to the Jews were to be formally recorded and stored in such a manner that the Crown would be able to recover them after the death of the original owner:

e.g. One copy was retained by the lender and another placed in a chest, known as an archa, which was heavily secured