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ENT > Rhinology > Flashcards

Rhinology Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms in rhinology

A 
Nasal obstruction 
Nasal discharge 
Epistaxis 
Nasal deformity
Facial pain 
Anosmia 
Sneezing
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2
Q

Definition of epistaxis

A

Nose bleed

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3
Q

Definition of anosmia

A

Loss of sense of smell

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4
Q

Possible relevant PMH in rhinology

A 
Medical treatment
Nasal surgery 
Nasal trauma 
Atopy
Samters triad
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5
Q

What is samters triad?

A

Asthma
Aspiring sensitivity
Polyps

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6
Q

Possible social factors in rhinology

A

Woodworkers
Alcohol
Smoking
Cocaine abuse

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7
Q

Investigations in rhinology

A 
Allergy tests
- skin prick, RAST
FBC 
ANCA, ESR, ACE (for wegeners, sarcoidosis)
CT
MRI
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8
Q

What is a positive result in skin prick testing?

A

Over 3mm wheal with associated flare and pruiritis

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9
Q

Examples of nasal disorders

A

Nasal trauma
Epistaxis
Rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps

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10
Q

Investigations for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

A

Flexible or rigid nasendoscopy

Coronal CT scan

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11
Q

Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

A 
Steriods
- prednisolone 30mg od 10 days 
- nasal drops
- nasal spray 
Saline nasal douche
Surgery
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12
Q

Definition of acute rhinosinusitis

A

< 12 weeks

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13
Q

Definition of chronic rhinosinusitis

A

> 12 weeks

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14
Q

What is a complication of nasal trauma?

A

Septal haematoma

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15
Q

What is the commonest cause of epistaxis?

A

Idiopathic

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16
Q

Causes of epistaxis

A 
Idiopathic
Infection (rhinitis/sinusitis)
Trauma
Drug induced blood dyscaria 
Disease mediated blood dyscaria
Alcoholism
17
Q

Initial management of epistaxis

A

Digital pressure 20 minutes (resolves 90%)

18
Q

Management of epistaxis

A 
Digital pressure 20 mins
Nasal packs 
Surgery 
- artery ligation 
- embolization
19
Q

What is the most suitable management for epistaxis where the bleeding site is difficult to localise?

A

Anterior pack insertion

20
Q

What would facial pain when leaning forwards indicate?

A

Sinusitis

21
Q

Prophylaxis of sinusitis

A

Intranasal corticosteroids

22
Q

When should intranasal corticosteroids be given for acute sinusitis?

A

If symptoms have persisted for 10 days or more

23
Q

What is “double-sickening” and what is this usually seen in?

A

An initial period of recovery followed by a sudden worsening of symptoms
Seen in bacterial sinusitis following viral sinusitis

24
Q

Management of bilateral nasal polyps and what is generally the cause?

A

Rhinosinusitis
If small - saline nasal douche and intranasal steroids in primary care
If significant obstruction - Refer to ENT

25
Q

Management of unilateral nasal polyp and what can be the cause?

A

Refer to ENT

To exclude malignancy

26
Q

What are two red flag symptoms in rhinology?

A

Unilateral nasal polyps

Unilateral recurrent epistaxis

27
Q

Recurrent epistaxis WITHOUT red flags can be treated with what?

A

Naseptin (chlorhexidine/neomycin) cream

ENT (17 decks)

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