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ENT > Physiology and Clinical Aspects of Hearing and Balance > Flashcards

Physiology and Clinical Aspects of Hearing and Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ratio of tympanic membrane to stapes footplate?

A

17:1

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2
Q

How does the middle ear act as a sound amplifier?

A

The area effect of tympanic membrane ratio to stapes footplate
Lever action of ossicular chain

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3
Q

What is the ratio of pressure of stapes footplate to pressure on malleus?

A

1.3:1

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4
Q

What is needed in the middle ear for it to work effectively?

A

Air

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5
Q

What is otitis media with effusion?

A

Fluid in the middle ear and the tympanic membrane cannot work as effectively, hitting the cochlea

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6
Q

Function of the incus

A

Transmits vibrations between malleus and stapes

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7
Q

Can the stapes be effected by osteosclerosis?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Function of the outer hairs of the organ of corti

A

Fine tuners

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9
Q

Function of the inner hairs of organ of corti

A

Transmitting messages

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10
Q

How is hearing assessed?

A

Clinical testing
Tuning fork tests
Audiometry
Objective testing

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11
Q

What are the two tuning fork tests?

A

Rinne

Webers

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12
Q

What is webers test checking?

A

A test of lateralisation

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13
Q

What is rinnes test looking at?

A

Compares loudness of perceived air conduction to bone conduction in one ear at a time

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14
Q

Types of audiometry

A

Pure tone
Visual reinforcement
Play
Tympanometry

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15
Q

What is pure tone audiometry?

A

Pure tone air conduction hearing test determines the faintest tones a person can hear at selected frequencies from low to high.

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16
Q

On an audiogram, what would noise induced loss look like?

A

High frequency hearing loss

17
Q

Definition of presbyacusis

A

Hearing loss due to old age

18
Q

On an audiogram, what would presbyacusis look like?

A

Low and high frequency hearing loss

High worse

19
Q

On an audiogram, what would conductive loss show?

A

Air / bone gap

20
Q

What can tympanometry detect?

A

Fluid in the middle ear
Perforation of eardrum
Wax blocking the ear canal

21
Q

How does tympanometry work?

A

Pushes air pressure into the ear canal, making the eardrum move back and forth

22
Q

What does tympanometry measure?

A

The mobility of the eardrum

23
Q

What is a graph after tympanometry called?

A

Tympanograms

24
Q

Definition of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs)

A

Sounds given off by inner ear when the cochlea is stimulated by sound

25
Q

How does OAEs work? Can this be measured?

A

When sound stimulates cochlea, outer hair cells vibrate
The vibration produces an almost inaudible sound that echoes back to the middle ear.
Yes, can be measured with a small probe in the ear canal

26
Q

Those with how much hearing loss do NOT produce these very soft emissions?

A

Hearing loss greater than 25-30 decibels (Dd)

27
Q

What does the auditory brainstem response (ABR) give information about?

A

Inner ear (cochlea) and brain pathways for hearing

28
Q

Another name for ABR

A

Auditory evoked potential (AEP)

29
Q

How is the ABR done?

A

Electrodes on head

Recording brain wave activity in response to sound

30
Q

Management of hearing loss

A

Sound amplification
Surgery - outer / middle
Direct stimulus of cochlear nerve cells for profoundly deaf

31
Q

Who would have a bone anchored hearing aid?

A

No ear

Susceptible to infection

32
Q

What makes up the vestibule?

A

Utricle
Saccule
Semi circular canals

33
Q

If one canal is stimulated, what happens to the other in the pair?

A

It becomes inhibited

34
Q

What has an open connection with the semi circular canals?

A

Utricle

35
Q

What are some clinical conditions of the inner ear that affect balance?

A

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Vestibular neuritis
Meniere’s disease

36
Q

Definition of tinnitus

A

Perception of sound within the ear where there is no external stimuli

37
Q

Explain a negative rhinnes test

A

Bone conduction > air conduction

ENT (17 decks)

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