Head and Neck Anatomy

Question 1

What are the different areas of the neck?

Answer 1

Deep cervical fascia (surrounds neck)
Prevertebral fascia (muscle compartment)
Pretracheal fascia (visceral compartment)
Carotid sheath (neurovascular compartment)

Question 2

How many bones does the cranium have?

Answer 2

8

Question 3

How many bones does the facial skeleton have?

Answer 3

14

Question 4

What are the bones of the skull?

Answer 4

Frontal 
Parietal 
Sphenoid
Temporal 
Ethmoid 
Mandible 
Maxilla 
Zygomatic

Question 5

Layers of the scalp

Answer 5

Skin 
Cutaneous tissue
Aponeurosis 
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum of the cranium/pericranium

Question 6

What is the function of the loose connective tissue of the scalp?

Answer 6

Allows the scalp to move slightly

Question 7

Why do bleeding injuries from the scalp bleed profusely?

Answer 7

The blood vessels go through the connective tissue

The aponeurosis does not let them contract

Question 8

What are emissary veins and what is the clinical significance?

Answer 8

Valve less veins that transverse dipole

They can spread infection intracranially

Question 9

Function of emissary veins

Answer 9

They transverse the skull and connect the superficial layers of the scalp with the venous sinuses that are inside the cranium
These are collections of blood draining the cranium

Question 10

What is the dipole?

Answer 10

Spongey flat bone in the midddle

Question 11

What occurs in the dipole?

Answer 11

Red blood cell production

Question 12

Where does storage of the RBCs occur?

Answer 12

Yellow marrow

Question 13

What are the triangles of the neck?

Answer 13

Anterior triangle

Posterior triangle

Question 14

What do triangles of the neck contain?

Answer 14

Arteries
Veins
Muscles
Nerves

Question 15

What two muscles divide the triangles of the neck?

Answer 15

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

Question 16

What is found in the carotid sheath?

Answer 16

Carotid arteries
Internal jugular vein
CN X / Vagus nerve

Question 17

What does the right common carotid artery (CCA) arise from?

Answer 17

The brachiocephalic artery

Question 18

What does the left common carotid artery arise from?

Answer 18

Arch of the aorta

Question 19

What does the common carotid artery rise up in the neck and divide into?

Answer 19

External carotid artery (ECA)

Internal carotid artery (ICA)

Question 20

What does ECA supply?

Answer 20

Neck
Face
Scalp

Question 21

What does the ICA supply?

Answer 21

Brain

Question 22

What are the two jugular veins of the head and neck?

Answer 22

Internal jugular veins (IJVs)

External jugular veins (EJVs)

Question 23

Where is the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 23

Around the eye

Question 24

Where is the orbicularis oris found?

Answer 24

Around the mouth

Question 25

Function of orbicularis oris

Answer 25

Helps with - closing mouth - pursing lips

Question 26

Where is the occipitofrontalis found?

Answer 26

Where the eyebrows are

Question 27

What is the occipitofrontalis connected to?

Answer 27

Aponeurosis in 3rd level of scalp all the way over to the back and the occipital part of the skull

Question 28

Function of buccinator

Answer 28

Gives shape to your cheeks

Question 29

At what time would you use the buccinator?

Answer 29

When blowing into a balloon

Question 30

What muscles does the parotid gland lie in relation to?

Answer 30

Travels masseter Reaches buccinator Opens into mouth above 2nd molar tooth

Question 31

What fibres does the facial nerve contain?

Answer 31

Motor fibres Sensory fibres Special sensory fibres Parasympathetic fibres

Question 32

Where does the facial nerve emerge from?

Answer 32

Stylomastoid foramen

Question 33

What are the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 33

Superficial temporal artery | Maxillary artery

Question 34

Where does the maxillary artery run?

Answer 34

Along the maxilla and goes deep

Question 35

What forms the cervical plexus?

Answer 35

Ventral rami of C1-C5

Question 36

What arises from the cervical plexus?

Answer 36

Sensory and motor branches innervating skin and muscles of the neck region

Question 37

What is the hyoid bone moved by?

Answer 37

Supra and infrahyoid muscles

Question 38

What are the strap muscles?

Answer 38

``` Mylohyoid Digastric Stylohyoid Sternohyoid Omohyoid Sternothyroid Sternocleidomastoid Cricothyroid Thyrohyoid ```

Question 39

What are the thyroid veins?

Answer 39

Superior thyroid veins Middle thyroid veins Inferior thyroid veins

Question 40

Where does the middle thyroid veins drain into?

Answer 40

IJV

Question 41

Where does the inferior thyroid veins drain into?

Answer 41

Brachiocephalic vein

Question 42

Do spinal nerves have any parasympathetic fibres?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

Which part of the spinal cord pathways on a diagram do the motor fibres go?

Answer 43

Bottom fibres

Question 44

What part of the spinal cord pathways on a diagram do the sensory fibres go?

Answer 44

Top fibres

Question 45

What type of fibres can spinal nerves carry?

Answer 45

Ventral - motor | Dorsal - sensory

Question 46

What type of fibres can a cranial nerve carry?

Answer 46

Sensory Motor Parasympathetic

Question 47

Can cranial nerves carry sympathetic fibres?

Answer 47

No

Question 48

What are the only vertebral levels which have sympathetic output?

Answer 48

T1 - L4

Question 49

What is involved in general sensory?

Answer 49

Ordinary sensations - touch - temp - pain

Question 50

What is involved in special sensory?

Answer 50

Vision Hearing Olfaction Taste

Question 51

How do sympathetic fibres reach the regions supplied by cranial nerves?

Answer 51

By post ganglionic fibres from the sympathetic chain from a plexus and hitch a ride with the blood vessels

Question 52

What are the 3 main branches of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 52

``` Ophthalmic division (V1) Maxillary division (V2) Mandibular division (V3) ```

Question 53

What fibres do the trigeminal V1 nerve contain?

Answer 53

Sensory

Question 54

What fibres do the trigeminal V2 nerve contain?

Answer 54

Sensory

Question 55

What fibres do the trigeminal V3 nerve contain?

Answer 55

Sensory | Motor

Question 56

What parts of the head and neck does the trigeminal nerve supply sensation to?

Answer 56

Face | Anterior part of the scalp

Question 57

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 57

Temporalis Masseter Pterygoids

Question 58

What opens into the spheno ethmoidal recess?

Answer 58

Sphenoid sinus

Question 59

What opens into the superior meatus?

Answer 59

Posterior ethmoidal air cells

Question 60

What opens into the middle meatus?

Answer 60

Maxillary sinus Frontal sinus Anterior ethmoidal air cells Middle ethmoidal air cells

Question 61

What opens into the inferior meatus?

Answer 61

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 62

What innervates the frontal sinus?

Answer 62

V1

Question 63

What innervates the maxillary sinus?

Answer 63

V2

Question 64

What innervates the ethmoidal sinus?

Answer 64

V1

Question 65

What innervates the sphenoidal sinus?

Answer 65

V1 and V2

Question 66

Function of the epicranial aponeurosis

Answer 66

Connects occipito and frontalis

Question 67

What is the loose areolar tissue composed of? What is its function?

Answer 67

Layers 1 - 3 | Allows free movement of the scalp proper

Question 68

How is the pericranium firmly attached to the bones?

Answer 68

By connective tissue fibres called sharpeys fibres

Question 69

What are the retractors of the angles of the mouth?

Answer 69

Zygomaticus major Depressor anguli oris Risorius Platysma

Question 70

What is the sphincter of the mouth?

Answer 70

Orbicular oris

Question 71

What are the elevators of the upper lip?

Answer 71

Zygomaticus minor Levator labii superioris Nasalis Zygomatic major

Question 72

What are the depressors of the lips?

Answer 72

Depressor labii inferioris Platysma Depressor anguli oris Mentalis

Question 73

What muscles are attached to the nose?

Answer 73

``` Nasalis Levator labii, superioris alaeque nasi Levator labii superioris Zygomaticus minor Procerus ```