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ENT > Maxillofacial Surgery > Flashcards

Maxillofacial Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of facial fractures

A 
Assault 70-80%
RTA
Sports 
Industrial 
Falls
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2
Q

Symptoms of facial fractures

A 
Rubor
Calor
Dolor
Tumour (swelling)
Functio Laesa
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3
Q

What is rubor?

A

Redness

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4
Q

What is calor?

A

Heat

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5
Q

What is dolor?

A

Pain

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6
Q

What is function laesa?

A

Loss of function / disruption of function

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7
Q

Classification of facial fractures is done by….

A

Simple/compound
Displaced/undisplaced
Anatomical

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8
Q

What are the anatomical classification of facial fractures?

A 
Lower third (mandible)
Middle third 
- central (maxilla / naso orbital ethmoidal complex)
- lateral (zygomatico-orbital complex)
Upper third (frontal sinus)
Panfacial
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9
Q

What is a panfacial fracture?

A

Everything is broken

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10
Q

Presentation of mandibular fractures

A 
Paresthesia (mental nerve distribution)
Occlusal problems (the bite is not right)
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11
Q

Treatment of mandibular fracture

A 
Conservative 
- POP cast
- Intermaxillary fixation 
Surgical 
- ORIF
- plates at tension zones
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12
Q

What does ORIF stand for?

A

Open and reduction and internal fixation

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13
Q

Presentation of middle third fractures

A

Nerve anaesthesia
Midline split
Anterior open bite (AOB)

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14
Q

Treatment of middle third fractures

A

Conservative possible

Surgical - ORIF

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15
Q

Presentation of central middle third fracture

A

Classical facial appearance
CSF leak
Airway
Bleeding

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16
Q

What are upper third fractures often a part of?

A

Panfacial injury

17
Q

Any oral ulcer that hasnt healed in how long should be referred?

A

3 weeks

18
Q

Symptoms of head and neck cancer

A 
Swelling
Ulcer
Red / white patch 
Pain 
Bleeding
Dysphonia
Dysphagia 
May be no symptoms initially
19
Q

Investigations for head and neck cancer

A 
CXR
OPG 
FNA biopsy / biopsy 
CT - pet 
- if unknown primary or suspicion of recurrence
20
Q

Possible treatments of head and neck cancer

A 
Shared airway 
Tracheostomy
Surgery 
Radiotherapy 
Chemotherapy
21
Q

When is the review after treatment for head and neck cancer?

A

After 5 years

22
Q

What % of salivary gland tumours occur in the parotid gland?

A

80%

23
Q

What % of salivary gland tumours are benign?

A

80%

24
Q

Most common type of benign parotid neoplasm

A

Benign pleomorphic adenoma or benign mixed tumour

25
Q

Drugs that cause gingival hyperplasia

A

Phenytoin
Ciclosporin
CCBs
AML

ENT (17 decks)

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