Maxillofacial Surgery Flashcards
Causes of facial fractures
Assault 70-80% RTA Sports Industrial Falls
Symptoms of facial fractures
Rubor Calor Dolor Tumour (swelling) Functio Laesa
What is rubor?
Redness
What is calor?
Heat
What is dolor?
Pain
What is function laesa?
Loss of function / disruption of function
Classification of facial fractures is done by….
Simple/compound
Displaced/undisplaced
Anatomical
What are the anatomical classification of facial fractures?
Lower third (mandible) Middle third - central (maxilla / naso orbital ethmoidal complex) - lateral (zygomatico-orbital complex) Upper third (frontal sinus) Panfacial
What is a panfacial fracture?
Everything is broken
Presentation of mandibular fractures
Paresthesia (mental nerve distribution) Occlusal problems (the bite is not right)
Treatment of mandibular fracture
Conservative - POP cast - Intermaxillary fixation Surgical - ORIF - plates at tension zones
What does ORIF stand for?
Open and reduction and internal fixation
Presentation of middle third fractures
Nerve anaesthesia
Midline split
Anterior open bite (AOB)
Treatment of middle third fractures
Conservative possible
Surgical - ORIF
Presentation of central middle third fracture
Classical facial appearance
CSF leak
Airway
Bleeding
What are upper third fractures often a part of?
Panfacial injury
Any oral ulcer that hasnt healed in how long should be referred?
3 weeks
Symptoms of head and neck cancer
Swelling Ulcer Red / white patch Pain Bleeding Dysphonia Dysphagia May be no symptoms initially
Investigations for head and neck cancer
CXR OPG FNA biopsy / biopsy CT - pet - if unknown primary or suspicion of recurrence
Possible treatments of head and neck cancer
Shared airway Tracheostomy Surgery Radiotherapy Chemotherapy
When is the review after treatment for head and neck cancer?
After 5 years
What % of salivary gland tumours occur in the parotid gland?
80%
What % of salivary gland tumours are benign?
80%
Most common type of benign parotid neoplasm
Benign pleomorphic adenoma or benign mixed tumour
Drugs that cause gingival hyperplasia
Phenytoin
Ciclosporin
CCBs
AML
