Rheumatology Flashcards
What is inflammatory arthritis?
- joint or tendon inflammation and abnormal bloods and imaging
- rapid onset, swelling and symmetrical pain
- women
What is calcium hydroxyapatite crystal disease?
- disease in shoulder
- treatment is NSAIDs and steroid injections into joint
What is soft tissue rheumatism?
- inflammation of the ligaments, tendons, muscles and nerves outside of joint capsule
- pain in one site
- neck or shoulder
What diseases are included in seronegative inflammatory arthropathies?
- ankylosing spondylitis
- psoriatic arthritis
- enteropathic arthritis
- reactive arthritis
What are seronegative inflammatory arthropathies?
family of diseases characterised by spine and joint involvement in genetically predisposed individuals
What diseases are associated with HLA B27?
- ankylosing spondylitis
- reactive arthritis
- Crohn’s disease
- uveitis
What are the characteristics of inflammatory back pain?
- worse with rest
- better with activity
- early morning stiffness for more than 30 minutes
What is included in all spondyloarthropathies?
- sacroiliac and spinal involvement
- enthesitis which is inflammation at insertion of tendon to bone
- inflammatory asymmetric lower limb arthritis
- dactylitis which is entire digit inflammation
What are some distinguishing features of OA?
- normal bone density
- reduced joint space
- subchondral cysts
- subchondral sclerosis
- osteophytes
What are some distinguishing features of AS?
- bone density starts normal but becomes reduced in late disease
- shiny corners
- fusing so Bamboo spine
- flowing syndesmophytes
What is the characteristic symptom of inflammatory myopathies?
weakness
What is the characteristic symptom of polymyalgia rheumatica?
pain and stiffness
What is the characteristic symptom of fibromyalgia?
pain and fatigue
Which sides are the golfer’s elbow or tennis elbow?
golfer’s is medial epicondyle
tennis is lateral epicondyle
What are the main features of Henoch-Schonlein purpura?
- acute IgA-mediated disorder
- generalised vasculitis with small vessels of skin, GI tract, kidneys, joints and lungs
- kids
- purpuric rash over butt and lower limbs with abdominal pain and vomiting
What causes osteomalacia?
- Vit D deficiency
- less renal Ca loss
- more renal excretion of phosphate
- impaired mineralisation so weakened bone
What bone disease can hyperparathyroidism cause?
PTH activates osteoclasts so there is osteoporosis
What are the definitions of arthropathy, arthritis and arthralgia?
arthropathy- joint disease
arthritis- joint inflammation
arthralgia- joint pain
What are the classifications of inflammatory arthropathies?
- seropositive: RA and connective tissue disease
- seronegative: many types
- infectious
- crystal deposition disorder
What are the words used to describe how many joints are affected by arthritis?
- monoarthriits is one joint
- oligoarthritis is 2-5 joints
- polyarthritis is 5+ joints
What is a common inflammatory oligoarthritis?
psoriatic arthritis
What is the DIP involvement in psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis?
- RA spares the DIP as there is less synovium
- psoriatic has DIP involvement due to enthesis
What are the names of the nodes of the finger is OA?
- Heberden’s nodes are distal
- Bouchard’s nodes are proximal
What is another name for normocytic anaemia?
anaemia of chronic disease
