Lower limb

Question 1

What does LOSS mean?

Answer 1

• loss of joint space
• osteophytes
• sclerosis
• subchondral cysts

Question 2

What are the common GP causes of hip pain?

Answer 2

OA
RA
fracture
referred pain from back
malignancy

Question 3

What are the most common GP causes of knee pain?

Answer 3

OA
ligament strain (often MCL)
bursitis
Osgood-Schlatter’s (inflammation of the patella ligament at the tibial tuberosity)

Question 4

What are the main injuries for these mechanisms:

• valgus
• twist
• varus
• dashboard
• up from squat?

Answer 4

• valgus = MCL
• twist = ACL/meniscus
• varus = LCL
• dashboard = MCL
• up from squat = meniscus

Question 5

What are the best imaging devices for soft tissue issues?

Answer 5

US is more detail but is for superficial structures

MRI

Question 6

What are the features of high energy pelvic ring fractures?

Answer 6

• young people
• RTA
• fall
• there is always disruption in two places like a polo (can be in the bone or the SI joint/symphysis)

Question 7

What are the features of low energy pelvic ring fractures?

Answer 7

• old people with osteoporosis

- use CT or MRI if possible

Question 8

What are main MOI for posterior hip dislocations with acetabular rim fracture?

Answer 8

• RTA

- contact sports with a flexed hip

Question 9

What is dangerous about intracapsular fractures?

Answer 9

they interfere with the blood supply to the femoral head

Question 10

What is a lipohaemarthrosis?

Answer 10

a mixture of fat and blood following an interarticular fracture

Question 11

What is the best scan for soft tissue injuries of the knee?

Answer 11

MRI

Question 12

What are the fracture mimics of the lower limb?

Answer 12

• accessory ossification centres
• sesamoid bones
• fabella
• 5th metatarsal base
• os trigonum