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IMSE LABORATORY > RH LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST > Flashcards

RH LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

*MATERIALS for rheumatoid factor latex agglutination test

A
  • Rf latex suspension
  • Positive and Negative Controls
  • Black test cards
  • Disposable stirrers
  • Mechanical rotator
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3
Q

Principle of the test

A

*The RF reagent is a suspension of polystyrene latex particles sensitized
with specially prepared human IgG.

The reagent is based on an immunological reaction between human IgG
bound to biologically inert latex particles and rheumatoid factors in the
test specimen. When serum containing rheumatoid factors is mixed
with the latex reagent, visible agglutination occurs.

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4
Q

The RF latex reagent sensitivity has been adjusted to detect a minimum
of ___ of rheumatoid factors

A

8 IU/mL

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5
Q

RF Latex Reagent

A

A suspension of uniform polystyrene
particles coated with IgG (human) in glycine buffer, pH 8.2

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6
Q

buffer and the pH used in the rheumatoid factor latex reagent

A

Glycine-Saline Buffer - pH 8.2 ± 0.1M glycine and 0.15M
NaCl

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7
Q

should we MIX WELL BEFORE USING?

A

yes

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8
Q

RF Positive Control Serum

A

A stabilized, prediluted human
serum containing at least 8 IU/mL of RF

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9
Q

RF Negative Control Serum:

A

A stabilized, prediluted human
serum containing less than 8 IU/mL of RF

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10
Q

*RA is another example of a systemic autoimmune disorder. It affects about
___ of the adult population,

A

0.5% to 1.0%

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11
Q

do prevalence varies with ethnicity
and geographic location?

A

yes

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12
Q

which gender is 3 times more likely to be affected by RA?

A

women

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13
Q

the prevalence of the disease is highest in women who are
more than ___ years of age.

A

65

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14
Q

RA can be characterized as a
___, ___, and ___ arthritis of
the peripheral joints

A

chronic, symmetric, and erosive

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15
Q

RA can as well affect multiple organs such as

A

heart and the lungs

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16
Q

Associations of RA with more than ___ genetic regions have
been discovered.

A

30

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17
Q

The strongest associations have been between a subset of patients with RA and specific ___alleles/gene

A

HLA-DRB1 alleles or PTPN22 gene
polymorphisms

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18
Q

The strongest
environmental risk factor for RA is believed to be ____, which
doubles the risk of developing the disease

A

cigarette smoking

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19
Q

The pathology of RA is caused by an inflammatory process that results in the destruction of ___ and ___.

A

bone and cartilage

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20
Q

The lesions in rheumatoid joints show an increase in
cells lining the synovial membrane and formation of a ___

A

pannus

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21
Q

a sheet of inflammatory granulation tissue that
grows into the joint space and invades the cartilage

A

pannus

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22
Q

*Infiltration of the inflamed synovium with ___s
within the joint

A

T and B lymphocytes, plasma cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, and granulocytes

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23
Q

*It is not known what role autoantibodies play in the initiation of the
inflammatory response.

Two key antibodies found in the disease are ___ and ___

A

RF and anti-CCP.

24
Q

*RF is an antibody that is most often of the ____ class and is directed against
the FC portion of ___

A

IgM; IgG

25
Q

It has been postulated that RFs may play a role in the pathogenesis of RA by increasing ___ activity and enhancing
antigen presentation to T cells by ___.

A

macrophage; APCs

26
Q

*The complement protein __ binds to the immune complexes, activating the
classical complement cascade

A

C1

27
Q

The complement protein C1 binds to the immune complexes, activating the
classical complement cascade.

During this process,___and __ are
generated, which act as chemotactic factors for neutrophils and
macrophages.

A

C3a and C5a

28
Q

Diagnosis of RA is based on a combination of ___

A

clinical manifestations, radiographic findings, and laboratory testing.

29
Q

*___ is the antibody that is most often tested to aid in making
the initial diagnosis.

A

RF

30
Q

Approximately__ of patients with RA test positive
for RF.

A

70% to 90%

31
Q

a negative result does not rule out the
presence of RA.

true

A

true

32
Q

Conversely, a positive test result is not
specific for RA because RF is also present in about ___ of
healthy individuals

A

5%

33
Q

Conversely, a positive test result is not
specific for RA because RF is also present in about 5% of
healthy individuals and in ___ of those over the age
of 65

A

10% to 25%

34
Q

RF can be found in patients with other
connective tissue diseases such as

A

SLE, Sjögren’s
syndrome, scleroderma, and mixed connective tissue disease, as well as in people with some chronic infections

35
Q

*Manual agglutination tests using __ have been used for many years
to detect RF

A

charcoal or latex particles coated with IgG

36
Q

manual agglutination test using charcoal or latex particles, These tests, however, only detect the __ isotype

A

IgM

37
Q

manual agglutination test, this kind of test found the IgM isotype in about _% of patients

A

75%

38
Q

Manual agglutination tests have been largely replaced
by ___ which are automated, have
greater precision and sensitivity, and can also detect other RF isotypes

A

ELISA, chemiluminescence immunoassay, and
nephelometric methods

39
Q

*Once a diagnosis of RA is made, the most helpful tests
for following the progress of the disease are ___

A

general indicators of inflammation

40
Q

general indicators of inflammation such as measurement of ___

A

ESR, CRP, and complement components.

41
Q

Typically, __ and ___ are elevated and the levels of
serum complement components are NORMAL or increased because of increased acute-phase reactivity

A

CRP and ESR

42
Q

___ levels correlate well with disease activity because levels reflect the intensity of the inflammatory
response

A

CRP

43
Q

Results should be read within minutes after the mixing
or the reagent on the slide

A

two (2)

44
Q

Existence of prozone at high titers has not been
encountered.

true or false

A

true

45
Q

Increased levels of RF may be found in some diseases other than rheumatoid arthritis such as ____

A

infectious mononucleosis, sarcodosis, lupus erythematosus, Sjogren’s syndrome.

46
Q

Certain patients with rheumatoid arthritis will not have
the RF present in their serum

true or false?

A

true

47
Q

The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is based largely on __

A

clinical examination

48
Q

The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is based largely on
clinical examination, but ___ are useful to support the clinical diagnosis and to evaluate the severity and course or the disease in the individual patient.

A

laboratory tests

49
Q

One of the most useful clinical markers for rheumatoid arthritis is ___r in serum.

A

rheumatoid factor

50
Q

___ is a term used to describe a variety of
antibodies or immune complexes or both, that occur with
rheumatoid arthritis as well as in a variety of other diseases.

A

Rheumatoid factor

51
Q

Different studies have shown positive serological reactions
for rheumatoid factor in as high as ___ of patients with
rheumatoid arthritis compared with less than 5% in control groups

A

90%

52
Q

Reagents are stable until stated expiration date on
bottle label when stored refrigerated ___.

A

(2 - 8°C)

53
Q

can we freeze the reagent while storing?

A

nope, DO NOT FREEZE

54
Q

The RF latex reagent, once shaken must be ___

A

uniform without visible clumping

55
Q

When stored refrigerated, a
slight ___ may occur and should be
considered normal

A

sedimentation

56
Q
A

IMSE LABORATORY (8 decks)

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