finals - viral Flashcards
is a collection of virus coming from different families that has 1 similarities
hepatitis
size of a hepa B vius
42 nm enveloped virion
The envelope contains a protein called the _____, which is important to the laboratory diagnosis and
immunization.
surface antigen (HBsAg)
____ is the earliest serological marker that
indicate the presence of acute infection. It is also indicative of chronic infection.
HbsAg
incubation period of HIV
60 - 90 days
*The first generation tests were found on ____
Ouchterlony agar gel plates
positive result of first generational test
white precipitin line formed between the antigen and the antibody
The test was said to be not very sensitive
The first generation tests
the main similarities of hepatitis is infects the ___
liver
the hepatitis virus that has dna as its genetic material
hepatitis B
fam of hepatitis B
hepaDNAviridae
first hepatitis to be discovered
hepatitis B
who discovered Hepa B
Baruch Blumberg 1963
MOT
parenteral, sexual contact, perinatal (congenital)
hepa B is known for causing
liver cirrhosis
chronic liver disease
hepa B is known as
serum hepatitis
how to diagnose hepatitis
serologic (Ag and Ab)
and
molecular (confirmatory)
___ test determines genetic material of the virus
molecular
hepatitis B serologic markers
antigens
Surface - HBsAg
Core - HBcAg
envelope - HBeAg
hepatitis B serologic markers
antibodies
Anti - Hbs
Anti Hbc
Anti Hbe
surface marker that will determine early acute infection/chronic infection of hepatitis B
surface - HBsAg
a surface marker that can only be found in hepatocytes
core - HBcAg
surface markers - antigens - that can be found in serum
HBsAg
HBeAg
presence of antigen HBcAg means that the patient is ___
highly infectious
a serologic marker for immunity to hepatitis
– natural immunity
– vaccinated
Anti - HBs
a serologic marker that will signifies past and present infection
Anti HBc
–IgM
–IgG
A presence of IgM upon confirming the presence of Anti-HbC signifies
Present infection
A presence of IgG upon confirming the presence of Anti-HbC signifies
Past infection
a serologic marker for convalescent phase which means that the patient is already in recovery period
Anti HBe
agent of dengue
dengue virus
vector for dengue
aedes aegypti
aedes albopictus
where can we found the
aedes aegypti
aedes albopictus
mosquitoes in tropical areas
2 serological test for dengue
NS1 for antigen
and
IgG and IgM for antibody
serological test - ____ - is an immediate marker if you only got it for the first time
NS1
family of HIV
Retroviridae and subfamily ____
2 types of hiv
hiv 1
hiv 2
considered as a pandemic HIV
HIV 1
which type of HIV is more pathogenic
HIV 1
where can we find HIV 2?
only in africa// recent reports states that the virus mutates and has a strain outside Africa 2
MOT of transmission of HIV
perinatal, sexual contact, blood transfusion (blood, breast milk, vaginal fluid, csf, spinal fluid, pleural fluid)
stages of HIV
- acute hiv infection
- clinical latency
- AIDS
how long will acute hiv infection takes place
2-4 weeks
in acute hiv infection, there will be a large amount o f___
viral
clinical latency stage of hiv will take how many yrs
period can last more than 10 years or decade
in the end of clinical latency stage of hiv, what will increase and decrease?
viral increases
CD 4 cells decreases
last stage of HIV
AIDS
cd4 cells in AIDS is around
will start <200/mm3 to <40/mm3 (severe)
opportunistic pathogens will cause disease in this stage of HIV
AIDS
what is the most common opportunistic disease in AIDS
tuberculosis
screening test for HIV
1st gen to 5th gen
which generational test for HIV will use purified lysate as antigens
first gen
which generational test for HIV will use recombinant viral proteins
2nd gen
The ____ test used for HbsAg was counter
electrophoresis. T
second-generation
in 2nd generational test, The plates were subjected to electric current. If the
antigen is on the serum, a ____ would form.
fine white precipitin line
which generational test for HIV will use double antigen sandwich assay
3rd gen
which generational test for HIV will detect antibody and p24 antigen
fourth gen
which generational test for HIV will use multiplex assay
fifth gen
positive in HBsAg
negative in anti HBs
negative in anti HBc
early infection
positive in HbsAg
negative in Anti Hbs
positive in anti-Hbc
chronic infection
negative in HbsAg
negative in Anti-Hbs
Positive in AntiHbc
window period
negative in HbsAg
positive in anti-Hbs
positive in anti-Hbc
recovery
negative in HbsAg
positive in Anti-Hbs
negative in Anti-Hbc
vaccination
