rezolvand probleme

Question 1

What is problem solving?

Answer 1

When we don’t immediately know the solution and we need complex logic and reasoning to find steps towards the solution.
It involves high cognitive processes.

Question 2

What are the 4 stages of problem solving?

Answer 2

1. Interpret and understand the problem.
2. Select strategy and generate potential solutions
3. Test solutions or hypothesis, seeking to disconfirm one
4. Evaluate results

Question 3

What are 2 problem solving strategies?

Answer 3

Heuristic and Algorithms

Question 4

What is heuristic problem solving strategy?

Answer 4

A rule of thumb or mental shortcut that can help us solve a problem quickly.
- It doesn’t always guarantee a correct solution.
+ It reduced the time and cognitive load required to solve a problem

Question 5

What are algorithms?

Answer 5

Steps for solving a problem.
Formulas that generate correct solutions
+ Produces almost always the correct solution
- Time consuming

Question 6

What are other problem solving strategies?

Answer 6

1. Problem-solving schemas: help us find solutions to the same problems that we have encountered before
2. Trial and error: testing possible solutions until the right 1 is found
3. Brain storming: generate large number of solutions and consider each 1 until we find the best
4. Lateral thinking: approach solutions indirectly and creatively

Question 7

What are the 4 common problem solving errors?

Answer 7

1. Framing problems: incorrect representation of the problem
2. Functional fixedness: tendency to use objects in a standard way
3. Negative mental set: tendency to solve problems in a set way, even when a different approach may be more successful
4. Persistence of mental state: old strategies continue to be used, even if less efficient