Reward/Addiction/Non Medicinal Drug Use Flashcards
What is contained within the ventral tegmental area? Where does it project?
Dopamine cell bodies that project to the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex
What is the nucleus accumbens? What is its job?
Reward center; Integrate VTA (dopamine) and PFC (glutamate) to determine motivational input
What is the VTA in Schwarz’s mnemonic?
The barn
What is Schwarz’s mnemonic for the NA?
It is the horses that are exciting you!
What is the job of the prefrontal cortex? Mnemonic?
Exert executive control (rational part of the midbrain); The wrangler!
What is the job of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?
Statistical analysis, prioritizing, top down control center
What is the job of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex?
Assigns emotion
What is the job of the orbitofrontal cortex?
Impulse prevention
What is the job of the anterior cingulate cortex?
About vigilance, paying attention to things (can be out of control if all you think about is jack daniels)
What NT is decision making driven by?
Glutamate via prefrontal cortex
What is the major NT driver of the limbic system?
Dopamine,
Which Dopamine receptors are associated with sleep-wake cycle? Reward?
D3; D2
What is the general theme of limbic reward pathways?
Enhancement of dopamine release or enhancement of dopamine effects on the NA
Describe the Reactive Reward System
The VTA supplies DA to the NA, the NA receives input and chooses which horse (NT) to use, Amygdala assigns emotional value to linkage betwixt the VTA and NA
Describe the Reflective Rewards System
the OFC suppresses doing dangerous/addictive things, VMPFC should attach positive feelings to not doing dangerous things, DLPFC should calculate the true risk/benefit ratio of doing addictive things
What occurs with increasing addiction?
Frontal lobe structures become less active, allowing increasing, maladaptive DA-driven behavior, PFC can’t dampen amygdala or NA
What actions resulted in the greatest 12-month quit rates?
Screening and optimal intervention
What percentage of all smokers ie from a tobacc-caused disease?
50%!
What three characteristics of a person that can change?
Ready, willing, able
What are the 5 stages of change?
Precontemplation, Contemplation (Uncomfortable spot), Preparation, Action, Maintenance
What occurs during precontemplation to contemplation?
COnsciousness raising, emotional arousal, dramatic release
What occurs during contemplation to preparation?
Self-reevaluation
What occurs in the prepartion to action stage?
Self-liberation/commitment
What occurs during the action to maintenance stage?
Counterconditioning, rewards, helping relationships
