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Unit 3: Behavioral > Reward/Addiction/Non Medicinal Drug Use > Flashcards

Reward/Addiction/Non Medicinal Drug Use Flashcards

1
Q

What is contained within the ventral tegmental area? Where does it project?

A

Dopamine cell bodies that project to the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex

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2
Q

What is the nucleus accumbens? What is its job?

A

Reward center; Integrate VTA (dopamine) and PFC (glutamate) to determine motivational input

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3
Q

What is the VTA in Schwarz’s mnemonic?

A

The barn

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4
Q

What is Schwarz’s mnemonic for the NA?

A

It is the horses that are exciting you!

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5
Q

What is the job of the prefrontal cortex? Mnemonic?

A

Exert executive control (rational part of the midbrain); The wrangler!

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6
Q

What is the job of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?

A

Statistical analysis, prioritizing, top down control center

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7
Q

What is the job of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex?

A

Assigns emotion

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8
Q

What is the job of the orbitofrontal cortex?

A

Impulse prevention

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9
Q

What is the job of the anterior cingulate cortex?

A

About vigilance, paying attention to things (can be out of control if all you think about is jack daniels)

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10
Q

What NT is decision making driven by?

A

Glutamate via prefrontal cortex

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11
Q

What is the major NT driver of the limbic system?

A

Dopamine,

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12
Q

Which Dopamine receptors are associated with sleep-wake cycle? Reward?

A

D3; D2

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13
Q

What is the general theme of limbic reward pathways?

A

Enhancement of dopamine release or enhancement of dopamine effects on the NA

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14
Q

Describe the Reactive Reward System

A

The VTA supplies DA to the NA, the NA receives input and chooses which horse (NT) to use, Amygdala assigns emotional value to linkage betwixt the VTA and NA

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15
Q

Describe the Reflective Rewards System

A

the OFC suppresses doing dangerous/addictive things, VMPFC should attach positive feelings to not doing dangerous things, DLPFC should calculate the true risk/benefit ratio of doing addictive things

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16
Q

What occurs with increasing addiction?

A

Frontal lobe structures become less active, allowing increasing, maladaptive DA-driven behavior, PFC can’t dampen amygdala or NA

17
Q

What actions resulted in the greatest 12-month quit rates?

A

Screening and optimal intervention

18
Q

What percentage of all smokers ie from a tobacc-caused disease?

A

50%!

19
Q

What three characteristics of a person that can change?

A

Ready, willing, able

20
Q

What are the 5 stages of change?

A

Precontemplation, Contemplation (Uncomfortable spot), Preparation, Action, Maintenance

21
Q

What occurs during precontemplation to contemplation?

A

COnsciousness raising, emotional arousal, dramatic release

22
Q

What occurs during contemplation to preparation?

A

Self-reevaluation

23
Q

What occurs in the prepartion to action stage?

A

Self-liberation/commitment

24
Q

What occurs during the action to maintenance stage?

A

Counterconditioning, rewards, helping relationships

25
Q

What are the principles of abstinence?

A

Must stop all drugs, no use

26
Q

What is the purpose of expressing empathy in an addiction setting?

A

Guides one to share with clients their understanding of the clients’ perspective

27
Q

What is the value in developing discrepancy?

A

Helps patient to appreciate the value of change by exploring the discrepancy between how clients want their lives to be vs. how they currently are. It encourages client to to consider pros and cons of continuing drug

28
Q

What is the benefit of supporting self-efficacy?

A

Autonomy and empowerment can encourage client to make better decisions

29
Q

What is Socratic teaching?

A

Giving the details/facts about a certain habit (X amount of people die from this)

30
Q

What is clarification/reflexive listening?

A

Being a condescending dickface

31
Q

What is confrontation/double sided reflection?

A

Reacting to what the person says with facts. Asking them to reflect on the facts.

32
Q

How does the nicotine patch work?

A

Use of full nicotinic agonist to decrease withdrawal

33
Q

How does bupropion work?

A

Blocks neuronal reuptake/recycling of NE and DA to improve alertness, attention, concentration, and motivation

34
Q

How does varenicline work?

A

Partial nicotinic agonist that avoids most withdrawal and provides some of the benefit of nicotine

Unit 3: Behavioral (18 decks)

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