Revmatisk feber Flashcards

1
Q

Hva forårsaker revmatisk feber, dvs hva er utløsende årsak og hva gir symptomene/sykdommen?

A

GAS - gruppe A beta-hemolytiske streptokokker. Årsaken er en reaksjon/sekvele etter en GAS-betennelse, som en tonsillitt. Det dannes autoantistoffer som angriper blant annet synovialhinner/ledd, endokard og hjernevev.

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2
Q

Hvordan diagnostiseres akutt revmatisk feber?

A

Basert på nylig streptokokkinfeksjon (2-3 uker) og Jones-kriterier. Jones-kritereier er:

Major criteria:

  • Poly-(or mono) arthritis (80 percent): 2-3 weeks after infection. Asymmetric, migratory, large joints
  • Carditis (40-80 percent): from 3 weeks after infection. Mitral > aortic valve, in severe cases “pancarditis” - myocardial and pericardial involvement. No permanent damage if treated.
  • Chorea (10 percent): From 6-8 weeks after infection. Involuntary movements
  • Erythema marginatum (< 5 percent)
  • Subcutaneous nodules (rare)

Minor criteria:

  • Previous rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease
  • Arthralgia
  • Fever
  • Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (økt senkning), positive C-reactive protein (CRP), or leukocytosis (hvite)
  • Prolonged PR interval on an electrocardiogram (EKG) (forlenget PQ-tid)
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3
Q

Hvordan ser erythema marginatum ut?

A

Røde ringer, likner litt på en flekkete madrass.

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4
Q

Hva er undersøkelser man kan gjøre for å bekrefte mistanken om revmatisk feber?

A

Strep-test. Elevated titre of anti-streptococcal anti body (AST) or anti-DNaseB (antigen).

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5
Q

Behandingen av revmatisk feber?

A

Høydose aspirin 20-25 mg/kg (50 kg 1000-1250 mg) 4 x per døgn i 3-6 uker!

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6
Q

Preventive tiltak akutt revmatisk feber?

A

Behandle streptokokkinfeksjonen. Oral penicillin eller 1 dose im benzylpenicillin.
Sekundær profylakse:
Im. benzylpenicillin monthly for five years
If heart involvement: ten years
If severe heart disease: lifelong

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7
Q

Typisk når skal du mistenke revmatisk feber?

A

Suspect in a child or young adult when: tachycardia unproportional to fever, signs of cardiac failure, cardiomegaly on chest X-ray, murmur or pericardial rub.

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8
Q

Epidemiologien revmatisk hjertesykdom?

A

15 million people are affected world wide and the death toll pr year is 250 000. Nearly all affected are children, adolescents and young adults, and all live in the developing world.

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9
Q

Hvor mange med akutt revmatisk feber får hjerteaffeksjon?

A

Cardiac involvement occurs in 40-80 percent of patients during the first attack of rheumatic fever. It can be lethal, but with treatment the condition is often cured/transient. When cardiac involvement becomes chronic it is called rheumatic heart disease.

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10
Q

Hva forårsaker revmatisk hjertesykdom og hva fører dette til?

A

Fibrinoid necrosis and secondary thrombosis is deposited on the mitral valves, causing rigid and stiff valves. The mitral annulus also gets dilated.

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11
Q

I rekkefølge fra hyppigst til minst hyppigst, hvordan klaffefeil oppstår ved revmatisk hjertesykdom?

A
  • mitral stenosis and insuffisiens
  • mitral stenosis alone
  • mitral insuffisiens alone
  • mitral and aortic insuffisiens
  • aortic insuffisiens alone
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12
Q

Behandling av revmatisk hjertesykdom?

A
  • Valvular replacement - an option for the few: Two thirds of all hospitals in Africa that provide cardiac surgery on the African continent, are in South Africa. Only 15 percent of these offer cardiac surgery to patients that are unable to pay.
  • Cardiac failure treatment
  • Secondary prophylaxis
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13
Q

En av de viktigste årsakene til hjertesvikt i Afrika?

A

Revmatisk hjertesykdom (som kommer av gjentatte infeksjoner med streptokkker, GAS)

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