Revision Stuff Flashcards
What reaction needs sulphuric acid and a catalyst?
Alcohol -> halogeno alkane
What does electrophilic mean?
Electron loving
What is markownikoffs rule?
Hydrogen will go to the carbon which already had the most hydrogen (electrophilic addition)
What is homolytic fission?
The bond splits evenly
What happens when bonds absorb IR radiation?
They vibrate
What is the first thing that happens in an IR spectrometer?
Blast sample of substance with IR
How does an IR spectrometer work?
The bonds absorb IR and vibrate at different frequencies depending on the bond strength and atoms bonding together
What are the steps of a mass spectrum?
Vaporise Ionise Fragmentation Acceleration Separation in vacuum Detector
What is the molecular ion?
The biggest ion you create in a mass spectrum
What is the base peak?
The highest peak in a mass spectrum
How do you test for the carbonate ion?
Add dilute acid and it fizzes
What does nucleophilic mean?
Positive loving
How do you test for a sulphate ion?
Add barium chloride solution
Forms a white precipitate of barium sulphate
How do you test for ammonium ions?
Heat with an alkali (naoh) and test for ammonia fumes by holding damp red litmus paper that will turn blue
How do you test the solubility of the silver halide precipitates?
Add ammonia solution
Agcl dissolves at all conc
Agbr dissolves in concentrated
AgI insoluble
What is a homologous series?
A series that has the same functional group and general formula
When an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid to make an ester which one becomes the yl and which one the oate?
Alcohol - yl
Carboxylic acid - oate
When the oxidation is only a distil what does this mean?
Not full oxidation
What is needed for an oxidation reaction?
H2so4
K2cr2o7
What is the colour change in the redox reaction between acidified dichromate ions and ethanol?
Orange to green or blue
Describe a pie bond
The sideways overlap of two p orbitals on each carbon atom which form a pie bond above and below the molecule
