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AS Chemistry > Alcohols > Flashcards

Alcohols Flashcards

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1
Q

What functional group is responsible for the chemical properties of alcohols?

A

The hydroxyl (oh) group

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2
Q

What is methanol used for?

A

Hugh performance fuel

Starting material in many industrial syntheses (chemical feedstock)

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3
Q

What is ethanol used for?

A

Alcoholic drinks
Fuel
Solvent
Feedstock

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4
Q

What are alcohols physical properties?

A

Less volatile than alkanes
Higher melting points
Greater water solubility

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5
Q

Why do alcohols have different physical properties than there alkene counterparts?

A

They have a polar o-h bond making them polar

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6
Q

Why do alcohols have lower volatility than alkanes?

A

In the liquid state hydrogen bonds holds alcohol molecules together

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7
Q

Why are alcohols more soluble in water than alkanes?

A

Can form hydrogen bonds with water

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8
Q

What is a primary alcohol?

A

OH group is attached to a carbon with two hydrogens

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9
Q

What is a secondary alcohol?

A

OH group is attached to a carbon with one hydrogen

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10
Q

What is a tertiary alcohol?

A

OH group is attached to a carbon with no hydrogen

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11
Q

Describe combustion of alcohols

A

Burn completely in a plentiful supply of oxygen to produce carbo dioxide and water

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12
Q

What oxidising agent do you need for the oxidation of alcohols?

A

Potassium dichromate acidified with dilute sulfuric acid

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13
Q

How do you know if the alcohol has been oxidised?

A

The dichromate changes from orange to green

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14
Q

What can primary alcohols be oxidised to?

A

Aldehydes or carboxylic acid

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15
Q

How do you create an aldehyde from a primary alcohol?

A

Gentle heating with acidified potassium dichromate - aldehyde distiller out as mixture formed to prevent formation of carboxylic acid

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16
Q

How do you create a carboxylic acid from a primary alcohol?

A

Heat strongly under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate

17
Q

What re secondary alcohols oxidised to?

A

Ketones

18
Q

How do you create a ketone from a secondary alcohol?

A

Heat under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate

19
Q

What is dehydration?

A

Any reaction in which a water molecule is removed from the starting material

20
Q

What conditions are needed for the dehydration of alcohols?

A

Heat under reflux with an acid catalyst

21
Q

What is the dehydration of an alcohol an example of?

A

An elimination reaction

22
Q

What do alcohols react with to form haloalkanes?

A

Hydrogen halides

AS Chemistry (16 decks)

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