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AS Chemistry > Atoms, Ions, and Compounds > Flashcards

Atoms, Ions, and Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

What are electrons arranged in around the nucleus?

A

Shells

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2
Q

How do chemists compare the masses of subatomic particles?

A

Using relative masses

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3
Q

Which two subatomic particles have virtually the same mass?

A

Protons and neutrons

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4
Q

What are the charges of the three subatomic particles?

A

Protons - positive
Electrons - negative
Neutrons - no charge

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5
Q

Where is nearly all of an atoms mass?

A

In the nucleus

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6
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron?

A

1/1836

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7
Q

What is the overall charge of an atom?

A

Zero - the total positive charge of the protons is cancelled out by the total negative charge of the electrons

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8
Q

What is needed as the nucleus gets larger?

A

More neutrons to hold it together

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9
Q

What identifies the element?

A

The number of protons

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10
Q

What does every atoms of the same element contain?

A

The same number of protons

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11
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

The number of protons in that element

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12
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses

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13
Q

What are most elements made up of?

A

A mixture of isotopes

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14
Q

What do chemical reactions involve?

A

The electrons surrounding the nucleus

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15
Q

What is similar about isotopes of the same element?

A

Same number of protons

Same number of electrons

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16
Q

What is an ion?

A

A charged atom

17
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positive ion

- atoms with fewer electrons than protons

18
Q

What is an anion?

A

Negative ion

- atoms with more electrons than protons

19
Q

What is 1 u?

A

Standard mass for atomic mass

- 1/12th mass of a carbon 12 atom

20
Q

What is relative isotopic mass?

A

Mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th mass of a carbon 12 atom

21
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th the mass of an atom of carbon 12

22
Q

How are the percentage abundance a of isotopes in an element sample found?

A

Mass spectrometer

23
Q

What is a binary compound?

A

A compound containing only two elements

24
Q

What are poly atomic ions?

A

An ion containing atoms of more than one element bonded together

25
Q

Name the 7 ions you have to know

A 
NH4+ ammonium
OH- hydroxide
CO3 2- carbonate
NO3- nitrate 
SO4 2- sulfate 
Ag+ silver
Zn 2+ zinc
26
Q

What is an empirical formula?

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

27
Q

What are the two types of subatomic particle found in the nucleus?

A

Protons and neutrons

AS Chemistry (16 decks)

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