Revision: hip and thigh muscles

Question 1

anterior flexor muscles of thigh and innervation

Answer 1

iliopsoas: psoas M., iliacus

sartorius, pectineus

all by femoral nerve apart from psoas M which is innervated by anterior rami of lumbar nerves

Question 2

pectineus innervation and action

Answer 2

femoral nerve

adducts and flexes thigh

Question 3

iliopsoas parts, innervation and action

Answer 3

psoas major: anterior rami of lumbar nerves

iliacus: femoral nerve

both flex thigh at hip and stabilise hip joint

Question 4

sartorius innervation, action

Answer 4

femoral nerve

flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh

also, as it inserts into the sup. med. surface of tibia (it is the longest muscle in the body), it also flexes the leg at the knee joint

Question 5

anterior thigh extensor leg muscles action, innervation

Answer 5

quadricep muscles: -vastus medialis, intermedius and lateralis

-rectus femoris

all extend leg at knee, insert into quadriceps tendon to base of patella (also indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity) and are innervated by the femoral nerve

the rectus femoris is unique of the four as it also crosses the hip joint, so it stabilises the hip as well as assisting the iliopsoas in flexion of the thigh

[in the picture, vastus intermedius is deep to the rectus femoris]

Question 6

medial (adductor) muscles of the thigh, innervation

Answer 6

Adductor: longus, brevis, magnus

obturator externus

gracilis

all by obturator nerve apart from hamsrting part of adductor magnus (innervated by sciatic nerve)

[in picture, gracilis is located on top of adductor magnus]

Question 7

Adductor longus innervation and action

Answer 7

obturator nerve

adducts thigh

Question 8

adductor brevis innervation and action

Answer 8

obturator nerve

adducts and to some extent flexes thigh

Question 9

adductor magnus innervation and action

Answer 9

adductor head: obturator nerve, hamstring head: sciatic nerve

action: adducts thigh; adductor part flexes thigh; hamsrting part extends thigh

between the two parts is a gap - the adductor hiatus - that allows through the femoral artery and vein from the adductor canal to the popliteal fossa

Question 10

gracilis innervation and action

Answer 10

obturator nerve

adducts thigh, med rotates and flexes leg

Question 11

obturator externus innervation and action

Answer 11

obturator nerve

laterally rotates thigh, stabilises head of femur in acetabulum

Question 12

posterior thigh muscles, their general action and innervation

Answer 12

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

extensors of hip and flexors of knee

first two by tibial division of sciatic nerve, latter- short head (common fibular) and long head (tibial division)

Question 13

semimembranosus innervation and action

Answer 13

tibial division of sciatic nerve

extends thigh; flexes leg and med. rotates leg when flexed; when leg and thigh are flexed it can extend the trunk (all are shared by semitendinosus, first two by biceps femoris)

[in picture, a lot of the semimembranosus is hidden by the semitendinosus]

Question 14

semitendinosus innervation and action

Answer 14

tibial division of sciatic nerve

extends thigh; flexes leg and med. rotates leg when it is flexed; when leg and thigh are flexed it can also extend the trunk (these functions are all shared with the semimembranosus, and the first two by the biceps femoris)

Question 15

biceps femoris innervation and action

Answer 15

(long head) tibial division of sciatic nerve, (short head) common fibular nerve

extends thigh; felxes leg and med. rotates leg when it is flexed (these functions it shares with the semi- tendinosus and membranosus)

[in picture the short head is on the right and long head on the left]

Question 16

what is this muscle and what is its innervation?

Answer 16

biceps femoris, long head on left and short on right

sciatic nerve

Question 17

muscle and innervation?

Answer 17

semitendinosus, sciatic nerve

Question 18

muscle and innervation

Answer 18

semimembranosus, sciatic nerve

Question 27

name these muscles, which is the compartment and what is the other (and where is it located?)

Answer 27

anterior extensors of knee

vastus intermedius, underneath the rectus femoris

Question 33

name these muscles, what is the compartment, what is the other muscle, where is it located?

Answer 33

adductor muscles of thigh

gracilis, above the inferior part of adductor magnus

Question 34

muscles of gluteal region, general actions and innervation

Answer 34

gluteus: maximus, medius, minimus, tensor fasciae latae, obturator internus, sup and inf gemelli, piriformis

adductors and rotators of thigh

g. max. by inf. gluteal nerve, g. min, med and TFL by sup. gluteal nerve, piriformis by nerve to piriformis, inf. gemelli and quad. femoris by nerve to quad femoris, sup. gemelli and obturator internus by nerve to obturator internus

Question 35

gluteus maximus innervation and action

Answer 35

inf. gluteal nerve

extends, steadies and assists in lat. rotation of thigh, also assists when rising from a sitting position

Question 36

gluteus minimus and medius innervation and action

Answer 36

sup. gluteal nerve

abduct and med. rotate thigh, keeps pelvis horizontal when opposite limb is weight bearing (raised)

both innervation and action are identical to the tensor fasciae latae

Question 37

tensor fasciae latae innervation and action

Answer 37

superior gluteal nerve

abduct and med. rotate thigh, keep hip horizontal when opposite limb is weight bearing

both inn. and act. are identical to gluteus medius and minimus

Question 38

quadratus femoris innervation and action

Answer 38

nerve to quadratus femoris

lat. rotates thigh, steadies the femoral head in the acetabulum

Question 39

sup. and inf. gemelli innervation and action

Answer 39

sup: nerve to obturator internus, inf: nerve to quadratus femoris
action: lat. rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh, steady femoral head in acetabulum

Question 40

obturator internus innervation and action

Answer 40

nerve to obturator internus

lat. rotates extended thigh and abducts flexed thigh, steadies femoral head in acetabulum

Question 41

piriformis innervation and action

Answer 41

nerve to piriformis

lat. rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, steadies femoral head in acetabulum

Question 42

name muscles, compartment, muscles missing

Answer 42

also, gluteus minimus is top right, stretching from between ant and inf gluteal lines of ilium, and piriformis is below left of this, from ant. surface of sacrum

muscles of gluteal region

gluteus maximus and medius (cut through at top), tensor fasciae latae (to right side of picture)

Question 43

name muscles

Answer 43

Question 44

name muscles, compartment of the right muscles, muscles missing

Answer 44

gluteal muscles (obturator externus is an adductor muscle), gluteus maximus and medius

Question 45

name muscles, compartment of muscles, missing muscles

Answer 45

Question 46

flexing of thigh -> muscles -> innervation

Answer 46

gracillis, adductor l, b, m (adductor part) -> obturator

iliopsoas -> femoral (iliacus), sciatic (anterior rami of lumbar)

pectineus, sartorius, rectus femoris -> femoral

tensor fasciae latae -> sup. gluteal

Question 47

extension of thigh -> muscles -> innervation

Answer 47

hamstrings: semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris (long head)-> sciatic nerve

gluteus maximus -> inf gluteal nerve

adductor magnus (hamstring part) -> obturator nerve

Question 48

adduction of thigh -> muscles -> nerves

Answer 48

Medial Adductor compartment: gracillis, obturator externus, Adductor b, l, m -> obturator nerve, apart from hamstring 1/2 of adductor magnus -> sciatic nerve

pectineus -> femoral nerve

Question 49

abduction of thigh -> muscles -> nerves

Answer 49

gluteus medius and maximus, tensor fasciae latae -> sup. gluteal nerve

sartorius -> femoral

Question 50

lat. rotation of thigh -> muscles -> nerves

Answer 50

gluteus max. -> inf. gluteal

sartorius -> femoral

quad. femoris, inf gemilli -> nerve to q.f.

obturator internus, sup gemelli -> nerve to o.i.

piriformis -> nerve to piriformis

obturator externus -> obturator nerve

Question 51

med. rotation of thigh -> muscles -> innervation

Answer 51

ant. parts of glut min & med., tensor fasciae latae -> sup. gluteal nerve