Revision: elbow, wrist, hip and knee joint Flashcards
Articulations of elbow joint
trochlea process attaches to trochlear notch of ulna
capitulum process to superior aspect of head of radius
joint capsule of elbow joint location
fibrous layer attaches to lat and med ends of articular surfaces of capitulum and trochlea and goes anterior and posterior, proximal to olecranon and coronoid fossae
ligaments of elbow joint
radial collateral
ulnar collateral
anular
radial collateral ligament attachments and appearance
from lateral epicondyle of humerus to anular ligament
fan like
anular ligament location, purpose
from proximal radioulnar joint and encircles the head of the radius
holds the head of the radius in the radial notch of ulnar, allowing supi and pronation
ulnar collateral ligament location, parts and their roles
from medial epicodyle to coronoid and olecranon process of ulnar
anterior (cord like): the strongest
posterior (fan like): the weakest
oblique (slender): deepens socket for trochlea process of humerus to sit in
movements of elbow joint and the muscles that allow them
flexion: mainly brachialis and biceps, brachioradialis and pronator teres assists, brachioradialis acts in rapid flexion w/o resistance
extension: mainly triceps, assisted by anconeus
bursae of elbow joint and attachments
bicipitoradial: separates and reduces abrasion between biceps tendon and radial tuberosity
olecranon: subtendinous - between bursa and triceps tendon
subcutaneous - in subcutaneous CT around olecranon
infratendinous - sometimes found in triceps tendon
bursitis of elbow
subcutaneous olecranon bursitis: aka student’s/miner’s/dart thrower’s elbow, from repeated excessive pressure and friction, area over bursa is inflamed
subtendinous olecranon bursitis: from excessive friction between triceps tendon and olecranon eg from excessive flexion-extension
elbow tendinitis/lateral epicondylitis
aka tennis elbow
repeated flexion-extenxion of wrist -> strain of common extensor tendon -> inflammation of periosteum of lateral epicondyle, pain over lateral epicondyle and down the posterior 4arm
articulations of wrist joint
from distal end of radius to triquetrum, lunate, scaphoid
ligaments of wrist joint
radiocarpal: dorsal (so hand follows 4arm in pronation) and palmar (ditto for supination)
collateral: radial (from radial styloid process to scaphoid, strengthens joint laterally) and ulnar (from ulnar styloid process to triquetrum, strengthens joint medially)
blood supply of wrist
supplied by dorsal and palmar cutaneous arteries
articulations of hip joint
femur head -> acetabulum
acetabulum is deepened by nearly 10% by acetabular labrum
ligaments of the hip joint
transverse acetabular
ligament of the head of the femur
intrinsic: strognest -> weakest: iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral
transverse acetabular ligament attachments
bridges acetabular notch, it is a continuation of the acetabular labrum
iliofemoral ligament attachments, role
anterior and superior
from anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabular rim to the intertrochanteric line
said to be the body’s strongest ligament, it prevents hyperextension of the thigh by screwing the femoral head into the acetabulum
pubofemoral ligament attachments, role
anterior and superior
from obturator crest of iliac bone -> laterally and inferiorly moves -> fibrous layer of joint capsule
also blends w/ med part of IlFem ligament
prevents over abduction of the thigh
ischiofemoral ligament attachments, role
posterior
from ischial part of acetabulum labrum -> spirals superiorly and laterally -> femoral neck, medial to base of grater trochanter
weakest of the three intrinsic ligaments
ligament of the head of the femur attachments, role
from fovea of head of the femur to margins of acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament
weak and of little importance in strengthening the joint, however it supplies the head of the femur with blood as it allows the passage of the acetabular branch of the obturator artery through
blood supply of the hip joint
deep artery of the thigh gives off the medial and lateral circumflex arteries (though these two are sometimes branches off femoral atery), the main blood supply of the joint comes from retinacular arteries that branch off these two
the artery to head of the femur/acetabular branch of obturator artery also supplies
articulations of the knee joint
2 femorotibial articulations, lat and med, between the lat and med femoral and tibial condyles
a femoropatellar articulation
ligaments of knee joint
extracapsular: -patellar, -collateral: lateral/fibular, medial/tibial -popliteal: oblique arcuate
Intracapsular: -meniscus: medial, lateral -cruciate: anterior, posterior
extracapsular ligaments
medial, lateral collateral ligaments, arcuate, oblique popliteal ligaments, patellar
medial/tibial collateral ligament attachments, role
from medial epicondyle of femur to med condyle and superior surface of tibia
protects against lateral forces
lateral/fibular collateral ligament attachments, role
from lateral epicondyle of femur to superior surface of fibula
protects against medial forces
intracapsular ligaments
cruciate: anterior, posterior
menisci: medial, lateral
anterior cruciate ligament attachment, role
from anterior intercondylar area of tibia to post med side of lat surface of femur
forces condyles to turn in place, prevents post dislcation of femur on tibia and hyperextension of knee
posterior cruciate ligament attachments, role
from posterior intercondylar area of tibia to ant. lat. surface of med. condyle of femur
prevents rolling of femur on tibial plateau, anterior displacement of femur on tibia and hyperextension of knee
sites of bursitis in the hip
iliopectineal bursa - can present as a cyst
ischiogluteal/ischial bursa
