Revision: elbow, wrist, hip and knee joint

Question 1

Articulations of elbow joint

Answer 1

trochlea process attaches to trochlear notch of ulna

capitulum process to superior aspect of head of radius

Question 2

joint capsule of elbow joint location

Answer 2

fibrous layer attaches to lat and med ends of articular surfaces of capitulum and trochlea and goes anterior and posterior, proximal to olecranon and coronoid fossae

Question 3

ligaments of elbow joint

Answer 3

radial collateral

ulnar collateral

anular

Question 4

radial collateral ligament attachments and appearance

Answer 4

from lateral epicondyle of humerus to anular ligament

fan like

Question 5

anular ligament location, purpose

Answer 5

from proximal radioulnar joint and encircles the head of the radius

holds the head of the radius in the radial notch of ulnar, allowing supi and pronation

Question 6

ulnar collateral ligament location, parts and their roles

Answer 6

from medial epicodyle to coronoid and olecranon process of ulnar

anterior (cord like): the strongest

posterior (fan like): the weakest

oblique (slender): deepens socket for trochlea process of humerus to sit in

Question 7

movements of elbow joint and the muscles that allow them

Answer 7

flexion: mainly brachialis and biceps, brachioradialis and pronator teres assists, brachioradialis acts in rapid flexion w/o resistance
extension: mainly triceps, assisted by anconeus

Question 8

bursae of elbow joint and attachments

Answer 8

bicipitoradial: separates and reduces abrasion between biceps tendon and radial tuberosity
olecranon: subtendinous - between bursa and triceps tendon

subcutaneous - in subcutaneous CT around olecranon

infratendinous - sometimes found in triceps tendon

Question 9

bursitis of elbow

Answer 9

subcutaneous olecranon bursitis: aka student’s/miner’s/dart thrower’s elbow, from repeated excessive pressure and friction, area over bursa is inflamed

subtendinous olecranon bursitis: from excessive friction between triceps tendon and olecranon eg from excessive flexion-extension

Question 10

elbow tendinitis/lateral epicondylitis

Answer 10

aka tennis elbow

repeated flexion-extenxion of wrist -> strain of common extensor tendon -> inflammation of periosteum of lateral epicondyle, pain over lateral epicondyle and down the posterior 4arm

Question 11

articulations of wrist joint

Answer 11

from distal end of radius to triquetrum, lunate, scaphoid

Question 12

ligaments of wrist joint

Answer 12

radiocarpal: dorsal (so hand follows 4arm in pronation) and palmar (ditto for supination)
collateral: radial (from radial styloid process to scaphoid, strengthens joint laterally) and ulnar (from ulnar styloid process to triquetrum, strengthens joint medially)

Question 13

blood supply of wrist

Answer 13

supplied by dorsal and palmar cutaneous arteries

Question 14

articulations of hip joint

Answer 14

femur head -> acetabulum

acetabulum is deepened by nearly 10% by acetabular labrum

Question 15

ligaments of the hip joint

Answer 15

transverse acetabular

ligament of the head of the femur

intrinsic: strognest -> weakest: iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral

Question 16

transverse acetabular ligament attachments

Answer 16

bridges acetabular notch, it is a continuation of the acetabular labrum

Question 17

iliofemoral ligament attachments, role

Answer 17

anterior and superior

from anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabular rim to the intertrochanteric line

said to be the body’s strongest ligament, it prevents hyperextension of the thigh by screwing the femoral head into the acetabulum

Question 18

pubofemoral ligament attachments, role

Answer 18

anterior and superior

from obturator crest of iliac bone -> laterally and inferiorly moves -> fibrous layer of joint capsule

also blends w/ med part of IlFem ligament

prevents over abduction of the thigh

Question 19

ischiofemoral ligament attachments, role

Answer 19

posterior

from ischial part of acetabulum labrum -> spirals superiorly and laterally -> femoral neck, medial to base of grater trochanter

weakest of the three intrinsic ligaments

Question 20

ligament of the head of the femur attachments, role

Answer 20

from fovea of head of the femur to margins of acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament

weak and of little importance in strengthening the joint, however it supplies the head of the femur with blood as it allows the passage of the acetabular branch of the obturator artery through

Question 21

blood supply of the hip joint

Answer 21

deep artery of the thigh gives off the medial and lateral circumflex arteries (though these two are sometimes branches off femoral atery), the main blood supply of the joint comes from retinacular arteries that branch off these two

the artery to head of the femur/acetabular branch of obturator artery also supplies

Question 22

articulations of the knee joint

Answer 22

2 femorotibial articulations, lat and med, between the lat and med femoral and tibial condyles

a femoropatellar articulation

Question 23

ligaments of knee joint

Answer 23

extracapsular: -patellar, -collateral: lateral/fibular, medial/tibial -popliteal: oblique arcuate

Intracapsular: -meniscus: medial, lateral -cruciate: anterior, posterior

Question 24

extracapsular ligaments

Answer 24

medial, lateral collateral ligaments, arcuate, oblique popliteal ligaments, patellar

Question 25

medial/tibial collateral ligament attachments, role

Answer 25

from medial epicondyle of femur to med condyle and superior surface of tibia

protects against lateral forces

Question 26

lateral/fibular collateral ligament attachments, role

Answer 26

from lateral epicondyle of femur to superior surface of fibula

protects against medial forces

Question 27

intracapsular ligaments

Answer 27

cruciate: anterior, posterior
menisci: medial, lateral

Question 28

anterior cruciate ligament attachment, role

Answer 28

from anterior intercondylar area of tibia to post med side of lat surface of femur

forces condyles to turn in place, prevents post dislcation of femur on tibia and hyperextension of knee

Question 29

posterior cruciate ligament attachments, role

Answer 29

from posterior intercondylar area of tibia to ant. lat. surface of med. condyle of femur

prevents rolling of femur on tibial plateau, anterior displacement of femur on tibia and hyperextension of knee

Question 30

sites of bursitis in the hip

Answer 30

iliopectineal bursa - can present as a cyst

ischiogluteal/ischial bursa