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KROK 1 > Revision > Flashcards

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1
Q

Closer to helicotrema (Corti’s Organ)

A

Low frequency

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2
Q

Closer to oval foramen (Corti’s Organ)

A

High frequency

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3
Q

Bone conduction

A 
Inner ear 
(Bone problem but air fine = inner ear issue)
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4
Q

Air conduction

A

All parts of ear

Air problem but bone fine = middle/outer ear issue

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5
Q

Adrenal cortex layers

A 
Glomerular = Aldosterone 
Fasicular = Cortisal 
Reticular = Androgen
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6
Q

Adrenal medulla hormone

A

Adrenaline / Nor adrenaline

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7
Q

Invasive stage of cholera

A

Adolescaria

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8
Q

Leffler stain

A

Blue (gonorrhea)

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9
Q

Skeletal mm receptors

A

N cholinergic (in synapse)

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10
Q

“Owls Eye”

A

Cytomegalovirus

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11
Q

Bordetella test

A

Bordet - Gengou

Mercury colonies)

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12
Q

Chronic gastritis drug

A

Pirenzipine

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13
Q

What blocks lipioc acid

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency

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14
Q

Benadryl use

A

Anti histamine

SE: Sleepy

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15
Q

Cause of acute renal failure

A

Decreased [arterial]

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16
Q

Cause of chronic renal failure

A

Decreased active nephron mass

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17
Q

Free HB in blood

A

Acquired hemolytic

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18
Q

Factor VIII

A

Responsible for thromboplastin formation

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19
Q

Increased carbomoyl phosphate

A

Increased orotic acid

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20
Q

Brills disease

A

Reinfection of typhus

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21
Q

Difference between immune and allergy

A

Development of tissue lesion

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22
Q

Flilform papillae

A

Cause white coat

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23
Q

Epstein Barr

A

Mononucleosis

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24
Q

Trigeminal exit

A

Supraorbital foramen

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25
Q

Ang II causes

A

Arterial constriction

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26
Q

Hearing impariment

A

Paralysis of stapedius mm

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27
Q

Hepatic steatosis

A

Disruption of phosphatidylcholine

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28
Q

Basedows disease

A

Foamy collioiditis

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29
Q

Ketoacidosis

A

Increased acetoacetate

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30
Q

Creatine vs Creatinine

A 
Creatine = mm 
Creatinine = kidneys
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31
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Cancer of glandular structure

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32
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments in the Inf. lobe of the lung

A

5

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33
Q

BP 100 - 150 / 150 - 200

A

100 - 150 = Sinus tachycardia

150 - 200 = Paroxysmal tachycardia

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34
Q

Gunthers Disease

A

Uro III co synthase

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35
Q

Alkaptonuria

A

Tyrosine disorder

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36
Q

Mesenteric root

A

Duodenal flexure

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37
Q

Dagini Aschner relfex

A

Press on eyeball to decrease tachycardia

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38
Q

Dimercaprol

A

2 sulphur groups

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39
Q

Ethanol

A

Methanol antidote

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40
Q

“Lol”

A

Beta blocker

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41
Q

Doxycyline

A

Avoid long stay in the sun

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42
Q

PCR

A

HBA-DNA

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43
Q

Hypolipidemia IIa and IIb

A 
IIa = LDL 
IIb = VDL and LDL
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44
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

Breast nodule

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45
Q

Ascoli test

A

Anthrax

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46
Q

Pathological hyporegeneration

A

Pseudoathrosis

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47
Q

Fiber myelinogenesis

A

Sphingolipids

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48
Q

Gierkes disease

A

G6P deficiency

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49
Q

What prevents steatosis

A

Meth. B6 and B12

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50
Q

Rotavirus

A

“Wheel”

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51
Q

Left shift on oxyheam curve

A

Acidosis

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52
Q

Aminoacidemia

A

Increased proteolysis

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53
Q

“Sheild shaped” kidney

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

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54
Q

Ozheshko method

A

Studies spores

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55
Q

Mech vs Hemolytic Jaundice

A 
Mech = Bile duct issue (conjugated and colorless) 
Hem = RBC issue (Non conugated and colour)
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56
Q

Where is the hepatic duct found

A

Between the leaves of hepatoduodenal ligament

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57
Q

Increased citric acid

A

Kidney stones

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58
Q

Affect of botulism

A

Respiratory arrest

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59
Q

Interferons

A

Antiviral agents synthesized by lymphocytes

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60
Q

Castle intrinsic factor deficiency

A

B 12 Def anemia

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61
Q

Macula densa cells

A

Detect Na changes in urine

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62
Q

Treatment for hypothyriodism

A

L thyroxine

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63
Q

What causes ulcers in gerbils

A

Leishmania

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64
Q

Furnucle

A

Bluish red with yellow centre

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65
Q

Vaques disease

A

Neoplastic erythroid hyperplasia

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66
Q

What causes tonsilitis

A

Streptococcus

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67
Q

What is given for alcoholic psychosis

A

Aminizine

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68
Q

What is given for paralysis

A

Proserin

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69
Q

Eosinophillia

A

Allergic reactions

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70
Q

Hypersthenic body

A

Left axis heart deviation

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71
Q

Low carnitine

A

Obesity

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72
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Force out of nucleus

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73
Q

What is CI in glaucoma

A

Atropine sulphate

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74
Q

Broad spectrum antibiotic

A

Doxycycline

75
Q

Virchows bodies

76
Q

Anesthetic that also treats ventricular tachycardia

77
Q

What is amlodipine

A

Calcium chanel blocker

78
Q

What causes oedema

A

Decreased albumin

79
Q

Palisade structures

A

Granulomas

80
Q

What hormone doe lutein cells secrete

A

Progesterone

81
Q

What does morphine poisoning cause

A

Ventilatory disregulation

82
Q

Where is Meckel’s diverticulum found

83
Q

Ant vs Post quadrigeminal tuburcle

A

Ant (Inf) = Orientation

Post (Sup) = Mydriasis/myosis

84
Q

Macrocytic anemia

A

Folic acid def

85
Q

Virulence measurement unit

86
Q

Co enzyme A

A

Pantothenic acid

87
Q

Antihypertensive for Ang II

A

Lisinopril

88
Q

Semicircular canals

A

Angular accleration

89
Q

Heparin antagonist

A

Protamine sulfate

90
Q

Regnerative vs degenerative shift

A

Stab/immature = regen
No stab = Degen
If stab>seg = R shift
If seg>stab = L shift

91
Q

Where is fibrinogen produced

92
Q

What activates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis

A

Corticoliberin

93
Q

H2 agonists are used for

A

Hyperacidity

94
Q

What innervates the parotid gland

A

N. petrosus minor

95
Q

Colonies surronded by hemolysis zone

A

Clostridium perfingens

96
Q

Blood “sludge”

A

Viscous blood

97
Q

Function of B1

A

Keto acid decarboxylation

98
Q

Whartons jelly

A

Umblical cord

99
Q

“Crunchy lungs”

100
Q

B lactam antibiotic (inhibits murein production)

A

Penicillin

101
Q

Volutin granules

102
Q

Hyperchromic nuclei

A

Small cell carcinoma

103
Q

Produce pyrogens

104
Q

Central artery

A

SpleenSpleen

105
Q

Pale bluish film on growth medium

106
Q

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome

A

Decreased IgM and T cells

107
Q

Causes pain along vein

108
Q

Bezredka method

A

Bind mast cell fixed IgE

109
Q

Where is the eustachian tube located

A

Canalis musculotubaris

110
Q

Deformed QRS complex and disconnected P waves

A

Complete AV block

111
Q

Lymph capillary

A

No basement membrane

112
Q

Incomplete vs Absolute starvation

A 
Incomplete = cause is known
Absolute = cause is not known
113
Q

Widal test

A

Typhoid fever

114
Q

what is NO synthesized from

A

L - arginine

115
Q

What transports ammonia to the liver

116
Q

Castles extrinsic

A

Cobalimine

117
Q

% peptone/alkaline

118
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

N.medianus

119
Q

Type II alveolar

A

Respiratory functions

120
Q

Aschoffs body

A

Rheumatism

121
Q

Propranolol

A

Antihypertensive

122
Q

Decreased WBC/RBC/Hb and megaloblasts present

A

Folic acid deficiency

123
Q

Streptokinase

A

Causes platelet lysis

124
Q

Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome

A

Decreased thiamine

125
Q

Basophills

A

Increased wall permeability

126
Q

How do you decrease bp

A

Block alpha adreno receptors

127
Q

Proserin

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

128
Q

Hemosiderosis

A

Brown lungs

129
Q

Decreased enterokinase

A

Problem with protein hydrolysis

130
Q

Oil processing

A

Exposed to polycyctic aromatic hydrocarbons

131
Q

AV node

A

Decreased velocity of excitation

132
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE inhibitors

133
Q

Fluorouracil

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis

134
Q

Peyers patch

135
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Decreased pCO2

136
Q

ATP syntase

A

ATP synthesis in mitochondria

137
Q

C peptide detachment

A

Protein modification

138
Q

Heparin

A

Glycosaminoglycan

139
Q

Decreased albumin

A

Increased ESR

140
Q

Atropine

A

Induces long term muscle relaxation

141
Q

Where is kidney located

A

12th rib bisects kidney

142
Q

What affects novocaine

A

Local tissue acidosis

143
Q

Paneth cells

A

Antimicrobial cells of SI

144
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE inhibitor (use for hypertension caused by Ang II)

145
Q

Famotidine

A

H2 blocker (peptic ulcer)

146
Q

Seasonal allergy

A

Increased capillary permeability (E.g. edema)

147
Q

What do working muscles use for energy

A

Fatty Acidosis

148
Q

Decreased Na+ and H2O reabsorption

A

Due to naturetic hormone

149
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

Chromophile and chromophone cells

150
Q

Antinociceptive

A

Increased pain threshold

151
Q

What does oxaloacetate utilizes

A

Acetyl Coa

152
Q

What does troponin bind

153
Q

What does DIC cause ?

A

Septic shock (Petechial haem etc)

154
Q

Diazepam

A

Benzodizapine drug

155
Q

Hemomelanin

A

Associated with malaria

156
Q

“Grape clusters”

A

Staphylcocci

157
Q

Increased temperature

A

Monocytosis

158
Q

Helminths

A

Increased eosinophills

159
Q

Decompression sickness

A

N2 (gas embolism)

160
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Transitional epithelium

161
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

Increased vagal tone

162
Q

R-R interval

A 
Increased = Tachycardia 
R-R = Bradycardia
163
Q

Upper vs lower oedema

A 
Upper = Decreased oncotic pressure
Lower = Increased hydrostatic pressure
164
Q

“Do before you feel”

A 
Pre = motor 
Post = sens
165
Q

Heparin

A

Glycosaminoglycans

166
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Increased amylase levels

167
Q

Annulocytes

A

Hypochromic anemia

168
Q

Innervation of tongue

A 
2/3 = Trigeminal 
1/3 = chordae tympani
169
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Decreased pCO2

170
Q

Retina

A

Rods and Cones

171
Q

Vibrio

172
Q

Where is fibrinogen produced

173
Q

Anthrax prophylaxis

A

Live Vaccine

174
Q

Cattarrhal inflammation

A

Inflammation of mucus membranes

175
Q

What does pancreatic juice digest

A

Protein
Fat
Carbohydrates

176
Q

One organ is bigger than the other due to over work

A

Vicarious hypertrophy

177
Q

Blood glucose level returns to normal after 3 hours

A

Subclinical diabetes

178
Q

Homogenistic acid oxidase enzyme deficiency

A

Alkaptonuria

179
Q

What does the vestibular nuclei control

A

The extensor muscle tone

180
Q

Venous congestion and phlepostasis

A

Necrotic nephrosis

181
Q

Esionophillia

A

Allergic reactions and parasitic infections

182
Q

Hypothyriodism

A

Treated by l thyroxine

183
Q

Collapse

A

Sudden drop in bp

184
Q

Extrasystole

A

Extra contraction

KROK 1 (10 decks)

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