Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KROK 1 > Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Contractures in the heart

A

Caused by Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adrenogenital syndrome

A

Female has male secondary sex characteristics

Increase of androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Radiation and lymphopenia

A

1st 8 hrs of radiation exposure = lose a lot of lymphocytes (lymphopenia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Radiation and leukocytosis

A

Increased radiation exposure after 10 hrs = neutrophillic leukocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dystrophy of the heart

A

Decrease strength of heart contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Myogenic dilation

A

Dystrophy of the heart
Enlargement of heart cavities
No change in outer region of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tonogenic dilation

A

Dystrophy of the heart
Causes a change in the outer region of the heart
No change in cavities inside the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Transmural MI

A

Infarction throughout all the layers in the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complications associated with Left Ventricular Insufficiency

A

Congestion of left atria

Edema in lungs (retrograde effect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Complications associated with Right Ventricular Insufficiency

A

Lower limb edema
Ascites
Nutmeg liver
ALWAYS pulmonary hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Congestion

A

Problem receiving blood

Blood remains in blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stenosis of renal artery

A

Increased secretion of renin lead to increased production of angiotensin
Lead to increase in hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2nd alteration/healing

A

Scar formation is a 2nd alteration/healing event

Appears as an area of necrosis, edema and hyperemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

1st alteration/healing

A

No scar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

1 drumstick

A

Indicates 1 barr body
XX
E.g. in Klinefelter syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prolonged expiration whilst choking

A

Indicates inspiration dyspnoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidney
Associated with reductions in filtration
Proteinuria will lead to edema formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hyperaemia induced during physical activity

A

Turning of ankle

Inflammation, arterial hyperemia, warmth increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Obstructive alveolar ventilation disturbance

A

Asthma

COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Restrictive alveolar ventilation disturbance

A

Fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Neuromuscular/Dysregulatory alveolar ventilation disturbance

A

Paralysis of muscles in respiration

Problem with muscles and CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Protopathic pain

A

Acute and dull pain at the same time

E.g. During tooth extraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Left ventricular failure

A

Aka acute heart failure
Linked to hypertension
Breathlessness, cyanosis of lips, skin and face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Right ventricular failure

A 
Linked to pulmonary hypertension 
Lower limb edema and ascites 
Nutmeg liver 
Congestion problems 
Cyanotic induration of the kidneys and spleen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Neuroparalytic

A

WPW syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Interleukin - 1

A

Associated with increases in body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Interleukin - 2

A

Activates B cells and T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Interleukin - 3/4

A

Activates immunoglobulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

CI range

A

8.5 to 1.15
<0.85 = Iron deficiency anemia (Microcytic/hypochromic anemia)
>1.15 = B12 deficiency anemia (Megalocytic/hyperchromic anemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hyperfunction of medulla region of adrenal gland

A

Increased adrenaline activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Diastole in heart caused by

A

Heart fully relaxed
Increased K+ (Hyperkalemia)
Heart is in a repolarised state

32
Q

Systole on heart caused by

A

Heart CONTRACTION
Increased influx of Ca into heart
Na only increases heart rate

33
Q

Hydrodynamic oedema

A

Edema associated with heart failure
Proteinuria associated with glomerulonephritis
- Decrease in oncotic pressure
- High conc of proteins of urine

34
Q

Karyotype

A

Confirm a genetic disorder

35
Q

Restriction surface of the lungs

A

Indicated by fibrosis in the lungs

36
Q

AVN block arrythmia

A

P-Q prolongation

P wave is greater than QRS (impulse from atria isnt reaching ventricles)

37
Q

Thyroid hormone and hypoxia

A

Dysjunction
Oxidation
Phosphorylation

38
Q

Extrasystole

A

Premature contraction in the heart

Lack of P wave and QRS deformities

39
Q

Psychoemotional state and coronary artery spasm

A

Increased secretion adrenaline = increase spasm of the coronary artery

40
Q

Hypokinetic hypertension

A

Increased CO

No changes in the BV resistance

41
Q

Hyperkinetic hypertension

A

Increased general peripheral resistance

No change to CO

42
Q

Eukinetic hypertension

A

Increases CO
Increased general peripheral resistance
Narrowing of BV and increased blood flow

43
Q

Acquired hemolytic

A

Free haemoglobin indicates hemolytic anemia
Acquired = onset occurs later in life
Hereditary = early stages of life

44
Q

Leading cause of hypertension

A

Stress caused by neurogenetic mechanism

45
Q

Renal insufficiency

A

Decreased in renal function
Presence of urea in blood (convulsions)
Decreased in diuresis (Acute renal failure)

46
Q

Periods of stress/physical trauma and they ask about leukocytosis

A

Redistribution of leukocytes to blood stream

47
Q

Factor X deficiency

A

Type B hemophilia

48
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

Tissue hypoxia

49
Q

Composite immunodeficiency

A

Increased T cells and IgM

50
Q

Brutons immunodeficiency

A

Increased B lymphocytes

51
Q

Extrinsic pathway activation

A

III - VIIa - Xa

52
Q

Hemophilia

A

X linked recessive

53
Q

Pulmonary emphysema

A

Expiratory dyspnea

54
Q

Morphine poisoning

A

Ventilative disregulatory respiratory failure

55
Q

Blood loss

A

Hypovolemia

56
Q

Proteinic damage

A

Enzyme inhibition

57
Q

Renewal of filtration in nephrons

A

Causes polyuria intensification

58
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Given to prevent transplant rejection

59
Q

Arterial neuroparlytic hypermia

A

Reddening / Increased temperature of skin after cutting a nerve

60
Q

Calomel intoxication

A

Acute renal insufficiency

61
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

Disturbance of pumping ability of hearts

62
Q

Viral hepatisis

A

Causes absolute hypoalbuminemia

63
Q

Normal RBC value

A

3.8 - 5.5

64
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Hypoproteinemia
Dysproteinemia
Hyperlipidemia

65
Q

Relative hyperproteinemia

A

Working in conditions of increased temperature

66
Q

Types of jaundice

A 
Hemolytic = unconjugated 
Mechanical = direct / conjugated 
Hepatic = unconjugated and conjugated
67
Q

DIC syndrome

A

Blockage in small blood vessels (petechial haemorrhage)

68
Q

Haemorrhagic syndrome

A

Activation of fibrinolytic system

69
Q

WPW syndrome

A

Short P-Q int, Wide QRST complex

70
Q

Hyperglycemic coma mechanism

A

Hyperosmia

71
Q

Zollinger Ellison

A

Hyperacid hypersecretion

72
Q

Thalasemmia

A

Affects Palestinians

73
Q

Type I Allergy

A

Anaphylaxis
Atopy
Reagine

74
Q

Type II Allergy

A

Blood transfusion incompatibility

75
Q

Type III Allergy

A

Immune complex

E.g. Serum complex

76
Q

Type IV Allergy

A

Cellular toxicity

E.g. Mantoux test

77
Q

200 vs 500 radiation exposure

A 
200 = Lymphopenia
500 = Neutrophilic

KROK 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions