Reviewer for HE

Question 1

used to denote an increase in physical size or a quantitative change. It is usually in weight, is measured in pounds or kilograms and in height which is measured in inches or centimeter

Answer 1

Growth

Question 2

• used to indicate an increase in skill or ability to function or a qualitative change.

Answer 2

Development

Question 3

• refers to Erikson’s stages of personality development. Each stage children confront a crisis that requires the integration of personal needs and skills with social and cultural expectations. Erikson believes that a person’s view of self is more important than instinctual drives in determining.

Answer 3

Psychosocial Development

Question 4

by Piaget) - refers to the ability to learn or understand from experience, to acquire or retain knowledge, to respond to a new situation and to solve problems. It is measured by intelligence tests and by observing children’s ability to function effectively in their environment.

Answer 4

Cognitive Development

Question 5

skills or growth responsibility arising at a particular time in an individual’s life, the achievement of which will provide a foundation for the accomplishment of future tasks.

Answer 5

Developmental Tasks -

Question 6

) believed that learning is basic to life and that people continue to learn throughout life

Answer 6

Robert Havighurst (1900-1991)

Question 7

personality develops in five overlapping stages from birth to adulthood
5 Stages a. Oral
b. Anal
c. Phallic d. Latency e. Genital

Answer 7

Freud

Question 8

8 Stages
a. Trust VS Mistrust
b. Autonomy VS Shame & Doubt
c. InitiativeVSGuilt
d. Industry VS Inferiority
e. Identity VS Role Confusion
f. Intimacy VS Isolation
g. Generativity VS Self Absorption &
Stagnation
h. Integrity VS Despair

Answer 8

Erikson

Question 9

moral development in children and adult

Answer 9

Kohlberg

Question 10

focused on the reasons an individual makes a decision is the ability to know right from wrong and apply this to real life situations:
a. Pre-moral or Conventional Level b. Conventional Level
c. Post-Conventional

Answer 10

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 11

• Refers to the manner in which people learn , think, reason, and use language.
• It involves a person’s intelligence, perceptual ability and ability to process information

Answer 11

Cognitive Development

Question 12

5 Major Phases

Answer 12

1. Sensorimotor Phase
2. Preconceptual Phase
3. Intuitive Phase
4. Concrete Operational Phase 5. Formal Operational Phase

Question 13

Understa nd world through senses and actions

Answer 13

Sensorimotor

Question 14

Understa nds world through language and mental images

Answer 14

Preoperational

Question 15

Understa nd world through logical thinking and categorie s

Answer 15

Concrete Operational

Question 16

Understa nd world through hypotheti cal thinking and scientific reasoning

Answer 16

Formal Operatio nal

Question 17

characteristics of the infant and young child, who are totally dependent on others for direction, support & nurturance for physical, emotional, and intellectual standpoint

Answer 17

Dependance

Question 18

occurs when a child develops the ability to physically, intellectually, and emotionally care for himself or herself and make his or her own choices including taking responsibility for learning.

Answer 18

Independence

Question 19

occurs when an individual has sufficiently advanced in maturity to achieve self-reliance, a sense of self-esteem and ability to give and receive and when that individual demonstrates a level of
respect to others.

Answer 19

Interdependence

Question 20

● a complex process not fully understood, involves learning what ought to be and what ought NOT to be done
● “Relating to what is right and wrong”

Answer 20

Kohlberg’s Moral Development

Question 21

• a person is responsive to cultural rules of labels of good and bad, right and wrong. Externally established rules determine right and wrong actions. Personal reasons in terms of punishment, reward, or exchange of favors. Ecocentric Focus

Answer 21

Pre conventional

Question 22

• concerned with maintaining expectations and rules of the family, group, nation, or society. A sense of guilt has developed and affects behavior. The person values conformity , loyalty, and active maintenance of social order and control. It means good behavior or what pleases or helps another and is approved. Societal Focus.

Answer 22

Conventional

Question 23

the person lives autonomously and defines moral values & principles that are distinct from personal identification with group values. He or she lives according to principles that are universally agreed on and that the person considers appropriate for life. Universal Focus.

Answer 23

Postconventional

Question 24

piritual component of growth and development refers to an individual’s understanding of their relationship with the universe and their perceptions about the direction and meaning of life

Answer 24

Spiritual theory

Question 25

describes the development of faith as a force that gives meaning to a person’s life

Answer 25

James Fowler’s Theory

Question 26

- the point in time when the learner is most receptive to a teaching situation.

Answer 26

Teachable Moment (Havighurst 1976)

Question 27

First 12 months of Life and Toddlerhood 1 - 2 years of age)

Answer 27

Infancy

Question 28

a noted expert in defining the key milestones in cognitive development of children labels the stages of infancy to toddler as the sensorimotor period.

Answer 28

Piaget

Question 29

● Show evidence of expanding imagination and creativity. ● Impulsive in their action, and curious about almost everything they see and do. ● Loss of body integrity is their greatest threat. ● Children begin interacting with playmates. ● Play can be as equally productive as adult work and is meant for self-education about the physical and social world.

Answer 29

Psychosocial Maturation (Erikson): Initiative VS Guilt

Question 30

Children begin to gain an awareness of their unique talents

Answer 30

Psychosocial Development (Erikson): Industry VS Inferiority

Question 31

Characteristics: ● Indulge in comparing their self image with an ideal image

Answer 31

Psychosocial Dilemma: Identity VS Role Confusion

Question 32

Cognitive Development: Formal Operations ● During this period, physical abilities for most adults are at their peak and the body is at optimal functioning ● Cognitive functioning is fully developed, but with maturation

Answer 32

Young Adulthood (20-40 years of Age)

Question 33

During this time, individuals work to establish trusting, satisfying and permanent relationships with others.

Answer 33

Psychosocial Development: Intimacy VS Isolation

Question 34

Cognitive Stage: Formal Operations ● Sense of self well developed ● At peak in career ● Concerned with physical changes Psychosocial Stage: Generativity VS Self Absorption and Stagnation ● Has confidence inabilities ● Desires to modify unsatisfactory aspects of life

Answer 34

Middle Aged Adulthood (41-64 years of Age)

Question 35

● Use concrete examples ● Make information relevant and meaningful ● Allow time for processing ● Avoid written exams ● Encourage active involvement ● Keep explanations brief

Answer 35

Teaching Strategies

Question 36

A blueprint to achieve the goal and objectives that have been developed. It Should clearly and concisely identify the order of the various parts of the education process.

Answer 36

Teaching Plan

Question 37

is the major criterion for judging the integrity of the teaching plan.

Answer 37

Internal consistency

Question 38

1. A decision need to be made about what domains should be included 2. The teacher needs to be conscious and realistic about developing certain elements of a teaching plan. 3. The content outline for each objective depends on the complexity of that objective and how it relates to the goal. ○ The detail of the content to be taught, that is the amount and depth of information required depends on the: i. Assessment of the learner’s needs ii. Readiness to learn iii. Learning style 4. The methods of teaching chosen should be appropriate for the: ○ Information being taught ○ Learners ○ Setting

Answer 38

Factors when developing a Teaching Plan

Question 39

The detail of the content to be taught, that is the amount and depth of information required depends on the:

Answer 39

Assessment of the learner’s needs ii. Readiness to learn iii. Learning style

Question 40

The methods of teaching chosen should be appropriate for the:

Answer 40

○ Information being taught ○ Learners ○ Setting

Question 41

Appropriate teaching methods are;

Answer 41

Lecture ○ Programmed instructions or group instruction

Question 42

Teaching session should be no more than __-__minutes in length and certainly no more than 30 minutes.

Answer 42

15-20

Question 43

The evaluation methods to test the knowledge include:

Answer 43

Written post test ii. Question and answer ○ Using variety of resources is ideal to: i. Keep the learner’s attention ii. Address various learning styles approach

Question 44

1. To direct the teacher to look at the relationship between each of the steps of the teaching process to make sure that there is a logical approach to teaching. 2. To communicate in writing exactly what is being taught, how it is being taught and evaluated, and the time allotted meet each of the behavioral objectives. 3. To legally document that an individual plan for each learner is in place and is being properly implemented.

Answer 44

Teaching Plan are created for 3 Major Reasons:

Question 45

SMART

Answer 45

Specific, Simple - related to a specific event 2. Measurable - has an indicator which is measurable 3. Achievable - considering resources at hand 4. Realistic/Relevant - can reduce or solve a problem 5. Time Bound - can be accomplished in a specific period of time

Question 46

a detailed schedule of activities to be done in a given period of time.

Answer 46

Plan of work

Question 47

an action plan should answer the following questions.

Answer 47

1. When should it start and when should it be completed? 2. Who does it? 3. Who is responsible for seeing it is actually carried out? 4. What materials & resources are needed?

Question 48

is the systematic collection and analysis of information on the project progress.

Answer 48

Monitoring

Question 49

Process of assessing whether the health education interventions are attaining their goals and objectives which are predetermined while planning the interventions. ○ That answer the following ■ Effectiveness? ■ Efficiency?

Answer 49

Evaluation

Question 50

focuses on initially gathering, summarizing, interpreting , and using data to decide a direction for action

Answer 50

Assessment

Question 51

involves gathering, summarizing, interpreting, and using data after an activity has been completed to determine the extent to which an action was successful.

Answer 51

Evaluation

Question 52

Main difference between assessment and evalution

Answer 52

Timing and purpose

Question 53

The following are evaluative tools or devices for teachers to test students' extent of knowledge learned during the teaching-learning process.

Answer 53

Evaluative devices

Question 54

These are subjective types of evaluation in which students are given questions requiring critical description of situations based on concepts or principles learned. Although time-consuming to score essays, these types of questions lend themselves to testing the highest level of thinking particularly analysis, synthesis and evaluation of a given situation.

Answer 54

Essay

Question 55

- This consists of a large number of questions and statements. Students' answers are indicated by marking the correct response to a particular question in a prescribed manner. The questions are in objective form, usually a mimeograph and a copy is given to each student. Objective tests are more reliable than essays or other types of examinations because they are free from personal opinion in scoring. a. Multiple C

Answer 55

Objective

Question 56

Test and skills that have met the criteria of testing

Answer 56

Standardized tests

Question 57

- A rating scale is a standardized method of recording interpretations of behavior. Students are rated on a scale from low to high with respect to a particular or specific indicato

Answer 57

f. Rating Scales

Question 58

Assessing and evaluating a patient's learning is a crucial point in teaching. Knowing the extent of what people learn will make all efforts of teaching meaningful and worthwhile. ● Ask the patient to read pamphlets or brochures and fact sheets ● Interview patients ● Determine change of patient behaviors ● Do a return demonstration ● Evaluate performance and provide reinforcements ● Document the teaching information

Answer 58

Evaluating Patient Learning

Question 59

Measures or evaluates the processes and progress ○ Level of student’s learning and progress of the educational program ○ On-going feedback is given ○ Will help students identify the strengths and weaknesses ○ Ex: Class participation, Teacher’s feedback, Periodical Examination, Diagnostic Tests

Answer 59

Formative Process Evaluation

Question 60

○ Given at the end of the learning experience. ○ Clinical or RLE evaluation is nursing that always involves summative evaluation. ○ This will determine the students level of achievement and extent to which learning outcome has been met. ○ Learners are informed of the behavior expected of them to achieve a certain grade. ○ Grading is less subjective ○ Ex. Unit Tests, Projects, Performance Tests, Post Tests

Answer 60

Summative/Outcome/End-Point Evaluation