Review Sheet 8: Ecology

Question 1

Mutualism

Answer 1

A type of symbiosis in which both partners gain from the association and cannot survive without it

Question 2

Commensalism

Answer 2

Living on or within another organism without benefiting or harming the other organism.

Question 3

Cooperation

Answer 3

A positive but not obligatory interaction between two different organisms

Question 4

Parasitism

Answer 4

a type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits from the other and the host is usually harmed.

Question 5

Symbiosis

Answer 5

the living together or close association of two dissimilar organisms

Question 6

predation

Answer 6

NOM NOM NOM

Question 7

Amenalism

Answer 7

a relationship in which the product of one organism has a negative effect on another organism.

Question 8

Competition

Answer 8

An interaction between two organisms attempting to use the same resources

Question 9

2 parts of a lichen

Answer 9

Phycobiont and Mycobiont (algal-cynanobacterial/fungus)

Question 10

Genomic reduction

Answer 10

Once a relationship is established, an organism may ‘discard’ unneeded parts of the genome.

Question 11

Molecules in Carbon Cycle

Answer 11

C02, Organic C, and CH4

Question 12

Molecules in Sulfur Cycle

Answer 12

H2S, Sulfite, Sulfate, Organic Sulfur

Question 13

Molecules in Nitrogen Cycle

Answer 13

N2 (g), Ammonium, Nitrite, Nitrate, Organic N

Question 14

Noble Metals

Answer 14

Pretty inert. Can have cycles in some bacteria.

Question 15

Organometals

Answer 15

can form organic bonds, incorporate into organic molecules (Zn, Mn, for example)

Question 16

Biofilms

Answer 16

Microbes build up to a point where you can see microbes growing in layers.

Question 17

Simple Biofilm

Answer 17

1 layer

Question 18

Complex Biofilm

Answer 18

Many types bacteria in its own layer

Question 19

Microbial Mat

Answer 19

Biofilm thick enough to see. All mixed up.

(See also: “What’s growing in my shower?”

Question 20

Counting bacteria via Culturing: Advantage/Disadvantage

Answer 20

Pro: You know its alive
Con: Not in its normal environment, may not grow in a pure culture

Question 21

Complex assemblage

Answer 21

Complex symbiotic relationships growing together as 1 organism.

Question 22

Counting bacteria with Counting Pro/Con

Answer 22

Pro- Count all cells
Con- Simple techniques don’t show if organisms are alive or dead, you miss spores, and there are also nondiscrete organisms (like empty hyphae

Question 23

Winogradsky Column

Answer 23

Column that shows layers of aquatic system and how light and oxygen affects it.

Question 24

Winogradsky Column Order (Top to bottom)

Answer 24

1. Water – Diatoms and Cyanobacteria
2. O2 dominated mud – Algae and aerobic sulfur oxidizing
3. Rust colored – Photoheterotrophs
4. Red zone – Purple Sulfur Bacteria
5. Green Zone – Green Sulfur bacteria
6. Anoxic H2S Zone (black) – Sulfur reduced.

Question 25

What happens in the Black H2S zone?

Answer 25

Sulfur Reduction

Question 26

What happens in the Green Zone

Answer 26

Sulfur is Oxidized/Anoxygenic Photosynthesis.

• Not an Iraq Military deployment.