Review Sheet 6: Bacteria and Archae

Question 1

Strain

Answer 1

Group of genetically identical organisms (usually from 1 cell)

Question 2

Species (Prokaryote definition)

Answer 2

Collection of strains that are significantly different from other strains

Question 3

Biovars

Answer 3

Strains in the same species with different biochemical composition/activity

Question 4

Morphovars

Answer 4

Strains in the same species with different shapes

Question 5

Serovars

Answer 5

Strains in the same species, different immune responses

Question 6

Phenetic classification

Answer 6

Groups organisms based on # of similarities

Question 7

4 Endosymbiotic theories

Answer 7

1. Traditional
2. Genome Fusion
3. Hydrogenosomes
4. SET (Serial Endosymbiotic Theory)

Question 8

Archae Cell Wall

Answer 8

• No Peptidoglycans
• So it’s not Gram +/-
• Pseudomurien instead

Question 9

Archae Membranes

Answer 9

• Glycerol based lipids ether instead of ester
• Monolayer, not bilayer
• Squalene instead of FA

Question 10

Archae Metabolism

Answer 10

Modified Entner-Douderoff Pathway

Question 11

2 Archae Phyla

Answer 11

Crenarchaeota, Euarchaeota

Question 12

Crenarchaeota

Answer 12

Extremophile, Sulfur dependent, Plankton component

Question 13

Euarchaeota

Answer 13

Contains, Methanogens, Halobacteria, Thermoplasm, Sulfate Reducers

Question 14

Methanogens

Answer 14

CO2/ Acetate —> CH4

Question 15

Halobacteria

Answer 15

Halorhodopsin used instead of chlorophyll

Question 16

Sulfate Reducers

Answer 16

SO4 —-> H2S

Question 17

Aquafaecae

Answer 17

Oldest Phylum

Thermophile

Question 18

Thermotogae

Answer 18

Second oldest phylum

Thermophile

Question 19

Deinococcus

Answer 19

UV resistant, Repairs Chromosome

Question 20

Chloroflexi

Answer 20

Green Nonsulfur (Can’t oxidize sulfur)
Chlorophyll
Anoxygenic Photosynthetic

Question 21

Chlorobi

Answer 21

Sulfur- Can oxidize sulfur

Question 22

Planktomycetes

Answer 22

Nonproteo gram -

NH3—> N2

Question 23

Chlamydia

Answer 23

Obligate Parasite

Elementary body/Reticulate body

Question 24

Spirochetes

Answer 24

Moves in corkscrew w/Axial Filament

Question 25

Sphingobacteria

Answer 25

Gliding motility, Sphingolipids

Question 26

Rickettsia

Answer 26

A proteobacteria

like mitochondria

Question 27

Cyanobacteria

Answer 27

PS1
Fixes N and C
Lichens

Question 28

Caulobacterceae

Answer 28

• Prostheca

- Budding

Question 29

Hyphomicrobiacae

Answer 29

• Prostheca

- Budding

Question 30

Rhizobium

Answer 30

Root Nodules

Fixes Nitrogen in legumes

Question 31

Agrobacterium

Answer 31

Causes gall

Question 32

B Proteobacteria

Answer 32

Gram -

Sheath

Question 33

Pseudomonads

Answer 33

Mineralization

Question 34

Vibrionales

Answer 34

Bioluminescence with Luciferase

Question 35

Bdellovibrionales

Answer 35

Parasite

Question 36

Myxobacteria

Answer 36

Moves in swarms. Fruiting body has myxospores

Question 37

Helicobacter

Answer 37

Ulcers

Question 38

Complyobacter

Answer 38

Bloody Diarrhea

Question 39

Phylum Firmicutes

Answer 39

G+

Question 40

Mycoplasmas

Answer 40

No Cell Wall
Penicillin Resistant (no cell wall)
Fried Egg

Question 41

Staphylococcus

Answer 41

• Coagulase clots

- Prevents phagocytosis

Question 42

Clostridia and Baccillus

Answer 42

Endospores and Weird Toxins

Question 43

Lactobacillales

Answer 43

• G+
• Sugar Phosophketolase
• Causes hemolysis
• Important for food. Wine, cheese, milk.