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Microbiology > Review Sheet 1: Chapter 3,4 - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Review Sheet 1: Chapter 3,4 - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

7 Bacterial Shapes

A

Cocci, Bacillus, Vibrios, Spirilla, Spirochetes, Mycelium, Pleomorph

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2
Q

Cocci

A

Round

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3
Q

Bacillus

A

Rod

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4
Q

Vibrios

A

Crescent Rod

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5
Q

Spirilla

A

Rigid Spiral

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6
Q

Spirochetes

A

Flexible spiral

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7
Q

Mycelium

A

Interwoven matt of hyphal growth

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8
Q

Pleomorph

A

Can have different ‘pleomorphic’ shapes

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9
Q

Bacterial size

A

0.3 µm - 600 µm

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10
Q

Internal Membrane of Prokaryotes

A

Folds of Plasma Membrane

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11
Q

Hopanoids

A

Lipids -not cholesterol- in Prokaryotes

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12
Q

Gram +

A
  • Thick Layer of Peptidoglycan
  • Techoic Acids
  • Periplasmic Space
  • Plasma Membrane
  • Stains Purple
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13
Q

Gram -

A
  • Thin layer Peptidoglycans
  • No techoic acids
  • Outer membrane
  • Plasma membrane
  • Stains Red
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14
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

Long sugar chains w/AAs that are not easily digested.

Crosslinked by peptide bridges

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15
Q

Techoic Acids

A

Slippery polymers of simple sugars w/ PO4-

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16
Q

Periplasm

A

Small area between plasma membrane and cell wall

17
Q

Protoplast

A

Cell w/o cell wall

18
Q

3 parts of LPS

A
  1. O side chain
  2. Core polysaccharide
  3. Lipid A (Endotoxin)
19
Q

LPS

A

Lipopolysaccharides

Major lipid component of outer leaflet of outer membrane. Part of the membrane.

20
Q

O Side chain

A

Exposed to outside cell. Mutates quickly

21
Q

Core Polysaccharide

A

Links O side chain and Lipid A

22
Q

Lipid A (Endotoxin)

A
  • Anchors LPS in membrane

- Toxic to mammals

23
Q

Lysozyme

A

Enzyme that degrades peptidoglycan

24
Q

Spheroplast

A

A cell w/ Some or most of its cell wall removed

25
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Cell breaking open due to osmotic pressure

26
Q

Penicillin

A

Antibiotic that prevents growth of cell wall

27
Q

Glycocalyces

A

Carbohydrates that coat outside of cell wall

28
Q

3 types of glycocalyces

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Slime Layer
  3. S- Layer
29
Q

Glycocalyx Capsule

A

Well organized and tightly attached

30
Q

Glycocalyx Slime Layer

A

Loosely organized and loosely attached. Can slip away from phagocytes

31
Q

Glycocalyx S- layer

A

Has more proteins. Not very important

32
Q

Fimbrae

A

Small protrusion used to adhere to something

33
Q

Pili

A

Type of fimbrae used to adhere during mating

34
Q

Flagellae

A

Large protrusions used for motility

35
Q

Endospore

A

Spores survive harsher conditions, relatively inactive

36
Q

Sporangium

A

Cell that makes a spore

37
Q

Germination

A

Cell w/ its cell wall emerges from endospore

- Triggered by nutrients

38
Q

5 parts of endospore

A
  1. Core - Cytoplasm
  2. Spore cell wall
  3. Cortex
  4. Spore Coat
  5. Exosporium - membrane
39
Q

2 parts of endospore that do most protecting

A

Cortex and Spore Coat

Microbiology (10 decks)

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