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GI > Review Sessions 1-5 > Flashcards

Review Sessions 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

What divides the gut into its functional areas

A

Sphincters

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2
Q

Which 2 abdominal viscera have gland like function with respect to the GI tract

A

Pancreas and liver

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3
Q

How long is duodenum

A

25cm

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4
Q

How does jejenum differ from ileum

A

Wider, longer, greater sa

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5
Q

When does GI tract enter pelvis

A

End of sigmoid colon going into rectum

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6
Q

Position of liver

A

RUQ

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7
Q

Locations of SI and LI

A

SI = central
LI = peripheral

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8
Q

How are the acidic stomach contents neutralised when they enter the duodenum,

A

HCO3- secretions from Brunner’s glands, liver (bile) and pancreas

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9
Q

Which section of GI tract is responsible for most nutrient absorption

A

Jejenum

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10
Q

Which section of the GI tract is responsible for reabsorbing bile salts

A

Terminal ileum

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11
Q

What is mass movement

A

Rapid peristalsis to rectum

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12
Q

Section of GI tract just for transport

A

Oesophagus

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13
Q

Sphincter failure examples

A

GORD if LOS
Incontinence if anal
Diarrhoea if pyloric sphincter lets in too much chyme to duodenum

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14
Q

Why does SI need large SA

A

Absorption, must come into contact with epithelial cells, moves fast

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15
Q

Why must food be physically broken down

A

Small enough, increased s.a. For digestion

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16
Q

2 places where food is physically broken down

A

Mouth, stomach by peristalsis

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17
Q

Why is SI longer and narrower than LI

A

SI = digest and absorb, larger sa
LI = absorb and storage, wider lumen

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18
Q

Innate protection in GI tract

A

Mucous
Acid secretions
Peristalsis
Saliva
Rapidly dividing epithelium

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19
Q

where is appendix

A

Caecum

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20
Q

Major function of colon

A

Water reabsorption

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21
Q

Longest section of GI tract

A

Ileum

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22
Q

What is blue box

A

Internal oblique

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23
Q

What is blue box

A

Where majority of digestive enzymes enter GI tract

24
Q

What is cranio-sacral outflow

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

25
Q

What is blue box

A

Lesser omentum

26
Q

What is located at blue box

A

Transverse colon

27
Q

How is saliva hypotonic

A

More ions reabsorbed from saliva than secreted into it

Ducal cells relatively impermeable to water

Overall effect is more ions removed from saliva than water = hypotonic

28
Q

3 obscure features of pharyngeal phase of swallowing

A

Involuntary

Tongue against hard palate

Longitudinal muscles shorten

29
Q

Causes of dysphagia where swallowing solids is harder than liquid

A

Physical obstruction, cancer, fibrous strictures, external compression

30
Q

How many layers of peritoneum make up the greater omentum

A

4 layers of visceral peritoneum (lesser is 2)

31
Q

What best describes the movements of the primary intestinal loop once it has herniated out of the abdomen?

A

3x 90 degree turns anti-clockwise

32
Q

Which portion of the anal canal can detect temp

A

Inferior - below pectinate line

Supplied by pudendal nerve so can detect somatic sensations of temperature, touch and pain

33
Q

Lesser sac sits

A

Posterior to stomach

34
Q

Describe ascending colon position

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal

35
Q

Outermost muscle layer in stomach

A

Longitudinal

36
Q

I, S and K cells are found in

A

Duodenum

37
Q

Oesophagus originates at what level

A

C6, cricoid cartilage

38
Q

Terminal branch of gastroduodenal artery

A

Right gastro o mental

39
Q

What widens the angle of the duodenojejunal junction

A

Suspensory muscle of duodenum

40
Q

Ileum is mostly located in which quadrant

A

Lower right

41
Q

Which part of the LI is the cecum continuous with

A

Ascending colon

42
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the cecum

A

Midgut

43
Q

What is the most common position of appendix

A

Retrocecal

44
Q

Left colic flexure is at which organ

A

Spleen

45
Q

Which part of the rectum relaxes to accommodate faeces

A

Ampulla

46
Q

Describe internal anal sphincter

A

Surrounds upper 2/3 of anal canal, made of smooth muscle

47
Q

Describe photo

A

A = epithelium
B = lamina propria
C = lumen
D = circular band of muscle
E = outer longitudinal muscle

48
Q

Order of contents from lumen of oesophagus outwards

A

Epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, inner circular muscle, outer longitudinal muscle

49
Q

Medial border of Hesselbach’s triangle

A

Lateral border of rectus abdominus

(Inferior epigastric vessels are lateral border)

50
Q

Lateral border of femoral ring

A

Femoral vein

51
Q

What lies at midpoint of inguinal ligament

A

Deep inguinal ring

52
Q

Difference between mid point of inguinal ligament and mid inguinal point

A

Mid inguinal point is halfway between ASIS and pubic symphysis

Mid point of inguinal ligament is halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle

53
Q

Below arcuate line, rectus abdominus posterior surface is in contact with what

A

Transversalis fascia

54
Q

What does the aponeurosis of internal oblique do above arcuate line

A

Divide and envelope rectus muscles

55
Q

The inferior epigastric artery forms the lateral border of the inguinal triangle. From which artery does it arise

A

External iliac

56
Q

Describe attachment of inguinal ligament

A

Anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

GI (22 decks)

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