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Zak, Epidemiology > Review: Segars > Flashcards

Review: Segars Flashcards

1
Q

What type of randomization has multiple randomizations into 2 or more groups, which are then subdivided into more groups?

A

Factorial Randomization

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2
Q

What type of randomization has multiple randomizations, but the subjects must stay in their assigned group; no switching

A

Parallel Randomization

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3
Q

What type of randomization has groups serve as their own controls by switching from one intervention to another during the study?

A

Crossing-over Randomization

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4
Q

What is single-blind blinding?

A

Subjects don’t know,

Researchers do know

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5
Q

What is double-blind blinding?

A

No one knows

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6
Q

What is open-label blinding?

A

Everyone knows

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7
Q

What is placebo therapy (dummy therapy)?

A

Fake treatment made to look like real treatment

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8
Q

What is double-dummy therapy?

A

Where there is more than 1 placebo used

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9
Q

What is the placebo effect?

A

Improvement in condition by power of suggestion

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10
Q

What is the hawthorne effect?

A

Patients are eager to please the researchers

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11
Q

What is a run-in/lead-in phase?

A

All patients given placebo to establish baseline/standardization

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12
Q

What type of randomization has 1 randomization into 2 or more groups and is used to test a single hypothesis?

A

Simple Randomization

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13
Q

What type of study is observational, analytical, and allows researchers to be passive observers of natural events occurring in naturally exposed & un-exposed groups?

A

Cohort study

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14
Q

What is a cohort?

A

A group with something in common

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15
Q

What is known in a cohort study? (disease or exposure)

A

Exposure (rows of 2x2 table)

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16
Q

What is the descriptive purpose of a cohort study?

A

Measures of frequency, incidences, & incidence rates

17
Q

What is the analytic purpose of a cohort study?

A

Measures of association, risk ratios, & predictive risk-factors

18
Q

What type of cohort study is it when the outcome is not known?

A

Prospective

19
Q

What type of cohort study is it when the exposure and outcome are both known?

A

Retrospective

20
Q

What type of cohort study uses retrospective design to asses past differences but data is collected on additional outcomes?

A

Ambidirectional

21
Q

In a cohort study, what can be represented that relates the study with time?

A

Temporality

22
Q

What is used to assess the adequacy of blinding in an interventional study?

A

Post hoc

23
Q

T/F: All simple and factorial studies are parallel studies.

A

True

Zak, Epidemiology (16 decks)

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