Final: Lecture 15 Flashcards
0
Q
What are the 2 main ways to control for confounding variables?
A
Study design stage
Analysis of data stage
1
Q
What are confounding variables?
A
A 3rd variable that distorts an observed relationship between the exposure and the outcome
2
Q
In the study design stage for controlling for confounders, what methods are used?
A
Randomization
Restriction
Matching
3
Q
In the analysis of data stage of controlling for confounding, what methods are used?
A
Stratification
Multivariate or matched statistical analysis
4
Q
What is effect modification?
A
A 3rd variable that screws up the relationship of association at different levels
EX: smoking 1 cigarette/day vs 3 packs/day
6
Q
At what percentage do we determine confounding or effect modification to be applicable?
A
15%
