Definitions

Question 0

Proportion

Answer 0

Division of 2 related numbers (numerator is subset of denominator)

Question 1

Ratio

Answer 1

Division of 2 unrelated numbers (numerator is not part of denominator)

Question 2

Rate

Answer 2

Division of 2 numbers with TIME incorporated into the denominator

Question 3

Outbreak

Answer 3

Epidemic limited to a localized increase in occurrence of disease

Question 4

Cluster

Answer 4

Similar to outbreak in smaller number/area

Question 5

Endemic

Answer 5

Constant presence of a disease within a given area or population in excess of normal levels in other areas

Question 6

Epidemic

Answer 6

Community/period clearly defined where occurrence of disease is clearly above normal expectancy

Question 7

Pandemic

Answer 7

Epidemic that spans across the globe

Question 8

Populaton

Answer 8

Group of interest

Question 9

Case

Answer 9

Most critical element that must be defined before and of the W’s of descriptive epidemiology can be accomplished

Question 10

Frequency

Answer 10

Number of disease occurrences, counts in relation to size of the population

Question 11

Morbidity

Answer 11

Number of persons with disease

Question 12

Mortality

Answer 12

Number of deaths (all causes or cause-specific)

Question 13

Fecundity

Answer 13

Capacity for producing offspring, especially in abundance

Question 14

Natality

Answer 14

Ratio ofn umber of births to the size of the population (birth rate)

Question 15

Primary Prevention

Answer 15

Protection of health by personal and communal efforts

Question 16

Secondary Prevention

Answer 16

Early detection and prompt intervention to control disease and minimize disability

Question 17

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 17

Softening the impact of long-term disease and disability by eliminating or reducing impairment, disability and handicap, minimizing suffering, and maximizing potential years of useful life

Question 18

Immunity/Immunization

Answer 18

Resistance of an organism to disease or infection

Question 19

Induction Period

Answer 19

Period required for a specific agent to produce a disease

Question 20

Latency Period

Answer 20

Interval between exposure to an infectious organism or a carcinogen and the clinical appearance of disease

Question 21

Absolute Difference

Answer 21

Simple count that gives an exact number

Question 22

Relative Difference

Answer 22

Gives approximate numbers based on ratios, proportions, & rates

Question 23

Fixed VS. Dynamic Population

Answer 23

Dynamic populations change in number

Fixed populations are held at a specific number

Question 24

Population VS. Sample

Answer 24

Population is an entire group of people

Sample is a small sub-group of entire group that represents the entire group

Question 25

Surveillance

Answer 25

Monitor aspects of disease occurrence that are pertinent to effective control

Question 26

Syndromic Surveillance

Answer 26

Collection, analysis, & interpretation of near-real-time indicators of diseases and other outbreaks