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Misc Boards Review > Review Questions > Flashcards

Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

S1 means closure of what valves? Where are those heard?

A

AV valves – tricuspid, mitral
Apex

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2
Q

Where do you hear S4 heart sounds? What exact location?

A
  • Apex
  • 5th ICS, left midclavicular line
  • *All s4 People (base) Take Money (apex)
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3
Q

S2 means closure of what valves? Where are those heard?

A
  • Semilunar valves – aortic, pulmonic
  • Base
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4
Q

When do you hear S4 sound? Is it always normal?

A
  • LV hypertrophy and uncontrolled HTN
  • May be normal in the elderly
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5
Q

When do you hear S3?

A
  • Pregnancy, HF
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6
Q

Aortic Regurgitation – What kind of murmur? Characteristic? Location?

A
  • Diastolic
  • High pitch blowing, decrescendo
  • 3-4 ICS, left sternal border
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7
Q

Where does aortic stenosis murmur radiate? Mitral regurgitation?

A
  • MR –> Left armpit
  • AS –> Neck
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8
Q

Cranial Nerves sensory/motor pneumonic

A

Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

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9
Q

What does Rinne Test look at? What is abnormal?

A
  • Conductive hearing loss
  • **Bone conduction vs. Air conduction
  • Abnormal: BC > AC
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10
Q

What does Weber test look at? Lateralization?

A
  • Sound lateralization
  • Conductive: Sound will lateralize to the affected ear
  • Sensorineural: Sound will lateralize to the unaffected ear
  • Normal: Sound will be heard equally in both ears (no lateralization)
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11
Q

What kind of tremor is associated with Parkinson’s? What meds?

A
  • Resting tremor
  • Requip then Sinemet
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12
Q

What medications are used with Essential Tremor? What makes them worse? What makes them better?

A
  • Beta Blockers, Botox
  • Worse with caffeine
  • Better with regular physical activity and alcohol
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13
Q

3 letters to remember Parkinson’s symptoms

A
  • BTR
  • Bradykinesia, Tremor (resting), Rigidity
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14
Q

Metformin: Long term SE? When do we need to adjust dose? When to stop?

A
  • B12 deficiency
  • GFR < 46 Cut dose in half
  • GFR <30 Discontinue
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15
Q

Peak Flow is affected by what?

A
  • HAG: Ht, age, gender
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16
Q

Bacteria of Otitis Externa? Tx med?

A
  • Pseudomonas
  • Ofloxacin drops
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17
Q

PNA Treatment – no comorbidities vs not

A
  • MAD Lung: Macrolide, Amoxicillin, Doxycycline
  • Chronic: Levaquin OR Augmentin PLUS a macrolide
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18
Q

First line tx Pertussis

A
  • Azithromycin
  • Stops the spread, not the symptoms
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19
Q

Obturator Sign – what does it look for? How to do it?

A
  • Appendicitis
  • Internal rotation of the RIGHT hip at 90 degrees causes RLQ pain
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20
Q

Psoas Sign – what does it look for? How to do is?

A
  • Appendicitis
  • Patient raises leg up against resistance (put hand on their thigh)
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21
Q

Rovsing’s Sign – what does it look for? How to do it?

A
  • Appendicitis
  • Palpate LLQ inflicts pain on RLQ (think rovsing/reverse/right pain)
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22
Q

What FEV1/FVC ration indicated COPD?

A
  • <0.7 or 70%
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23
Q

What is tactile fremitus? When do you hear it?

A
  • Palpated vibration
  • Increased in PNA
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24
Q

What virus causes fifth’s disease? Sixths disease?

A
  • Fifth’s: Parvovirus (also called Erythema Infectiosum)
  • Sixth: HSV
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25
Q

What labs to check with atypical antipsychotics?
What to check if the patient is >40? Contraindications?
High risk of what?

A
  • Lipids, glucose
  • EKG if >40
  • Contraindication: metabolic syndrome
  • High risk of OD
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26
Q

What findings indicate need for colposcopy?

A
  • Positive LSIL, HSIL, HPV
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27
Q

What to do if positive ASCUS? Then what?

A
  • HPV co testing
  • Positive HPV: colposcopy
  • Negative HPV: repeat HPV testing in 3 years
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28
Q

When to start Pap smears? When to repeat? When to absolutely start HPV testing?

A
  • Age 25 regardless of sexual activity
  • Every 3 years if no HPV testing
  • Every 5 years if HPV was checked
  • Age 30
29
Q

Normal CD4 count? When to start anti-retroviral drugs?

A
  • > 500
  • < 350 start drugs
30
Q

What SSRI is good for menopause?

A
  • Paxil
31
Q

Which herbal supplements are good for menopause?

A
  • Black cohosh, gingko, soy isoflavones, evening primrose
32
Q

What do you do if a patient has recurrent UTI symptoms after finishing abx?

A
  • Prescribe same abx for longer
33
Q

When is AFP testing for neural tube defects done? What do high or low levels mean?

A
  • 15-20 weeks (think FETO=fifteen)
  • High = neural tube defects (think hIgh = spIne) or multiple gestation
  • Low = down syndrome
34
Q

Long term PPI use risks

A
  • OP, B12 deficiency, C diff
35
Q

Meniscus Tests

A
  • McMurray and Apley
36
Q

First Line Treatment Croup

A
  • Decadron
37
Q

DPP4 meds
Contraindicated with what?
How do these work?

A
  • History of pancreatitis
  • Impacts postprandial levels

Gliptans

38
Q

What patients can’t be on triptans?

A

Uncontrolled HTN/CAD or taking serotonin meds

39
Q

What type of hearing loss is otosclerosis?

A
  • Conductive
40
Q

What meds can treat absence seizures?

A
  • Zarotin, Depakote, Dilantin, Lamictal
41
Q

Side Effects of Depakote?
Avoid in what organ problem?
Need to monitor what?

A
  • Weight gain and hair loss
  • Avoid in liver problem
  • Monitor Depakote levels
  • Toxicity >100mc
42
Q

Side Effects of Dilantin? (2)
Something to consider?
Avoid in what organ problem?

A
  • Gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism
  • Can decrease levels of birth control
  • Avoid in liver problems
43
Q

Tegretol used to treat what?
Big side effect? (2)
Need to monitor what?

A
  • Trigeminal Neuralgia
  • Anti-cholinergic and Bone marrow suppression, monitor CBC every 3 months during first year
44
Q

LT use of methotrexate can lead to what?

A

Folic acid deficiency

45
Q

LT use of allopurinol can lead to what?

A

Bone marrow suppression

46
Q

LT use of metformin can lead to what?

A

B12 deficiency

47
Q

Alcoholics have LT effects of what?

A

B1 deficiency (thiamine)

48
Q

Supplements good for immune support

A

Echinacea and Gingseng

49
Q

Abx biggest risk for c.diff?

A

Clindamycin

50
Q

Which patients should avoid Topamax?

A

Those with liver and kidney problems

51
Q

Giant Cell Arteritis is closely related to what? treated how?

A

Polymyalgia Rheumatica (lots of muscle pain)

LT steroids

52
Q

What are the 2 signs for meningitis?

A

Kernigs and Brudzinski

53
Q

Common condition that occurs with MS? how to treat?

A

Optic Neuritis
- Steroids

MS- treat with DMARDs

54
Q

Retinal arteries and veins - normal

A

Retinal veins larger and darker

55
Q

Optic disc with blurred margins

A

Papilledema

56
Q

Amblyopia - what is it? Also called?
Tx?

A

Decrease is visual acuity
Also called lazy eye

Wearing a patch over well functioning eye

57
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis treatment

A

Antihistamine drops with mast cell effects

58
Q

Never use what kind of drops without ophthalmologist?

A

Steroid drops

59
Q

4 things to help with macular degeneration? Diet?

How to help with vision loss?

A

Mediterranean diet
Weight loss
BP control
Smoking cessation

Use large print

60
Q

Iritis symptoms (4)

Commonly associated with what?

How to diagnose?

A

Acute vision changes
Photophobia
Eye pain
Hyphema (bloody parts)

Rheumatologic disorders

Slit lamp

61
Q

Hpv vaccine
Age 15 and < Age 15
How many doses?

A

15 or >15: Need 3 doses within a 6mo period
9-14: 2 doses at least 6mo apart

62
Q

LT use of Pepcid risk of what?

A

Thrombocytopenia

63
Q

How do respiratory steroids work?

A

Involves chronic inflammatory suppression to prevent asthma exacerbations

64
Q

How long to stop NSAIDs before surgery?

A

4 days

65
Q

What med can increase kidney stones?

A

Acyclovir

66
Q

Ginkgo caution

A

Bleeding

67
Q

2 meds with bone marrow suppression as side effect

A

Tegretol and allopurinol

68
Q

Amblyopia vs strabismus

A

Strabismus - muscle issue
Amblyopia - acuity issue

Misc Boards Review (19 decks)

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