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Misc Boards Review > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Age - Sit up unassisted? Roll both ways

A

6mo

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2
Q

Age - Hold a spoon

A

15-18mo

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3
Q

Age – Stand and then walk

A
  • Stand: 12mo
  • Walk: 12-17mo
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4
Q

Age- Pincer grasp develops, palmer grasp goes away

A

6mo

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5
Q

Age – Wave bye-bye,
separation anxiety

A

9mo

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6
Q

Age -
- 1 hand dominance

A

10-11mo

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7
Q

Age –
say mama/dada with meaning

A

12mo

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8
Q

Age- ride a bicycle

A

5-6 year

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9
Q

Age – Discover midline, strabismus clears

A

4mo

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10
Q

Age- Roll over from back to stomach
Roll over both directions?

A
  • Back to front: 4mo
  • Both: 6mo
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11
Q

Age – anterior/posterior fontanelle closes

A
  • Posterior: 2-3mo
  • Anterior: 12-18mo
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12
Q

Age –
1-2 word sentences
stacks objects
finger feeds self

A

15mo

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13
Q

Age – 4+ word sentences, 4 body parts, plays pretend, copy square, draw cross

A

4 year

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13
Q

Age –
2 word sentences
points to 2 body parts
walks up stairs with 2 legs

A
  • 2 years
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14
Q

Age-
Dance
Count to 10
Hop on 1 foot

A
  • Age 5
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15
Q

Age –
3+ words
Scribbles
Drinks from open cup

A
  • 18mo
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16
Q

Age –
genu varum goes away?
Genu valgum?

A
  • Varum: 2-3 years
  • Valgum: 7 years
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17
Q

Age – first tooth erupts
First full set of teeth?

A
  • First tooth: 6mo
  • Set of teeth: 2 years
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18
Q

How long for baby to catch up if born prematurely?

A
  • By age 2
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19
Q

Reflexes present at birth (5)

A
  • Moro
  • Rooting
  • Tonic neck
  • Grasp
  • Stepping
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20
Q

What is moro reflex? When is it gone?

A
  • Startle reflex
  • Gone by 2 mo
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21
Q

What is stepping reflex?
When is it gone?

A
  • Takes steps when help upright
  • Gone by 2mo
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22
Q

What is tonic neck reflex?
When is it gone?

A
  • When laying down, baby’s head it turned to the right or left with the opposing arm by their head
  • Gone by 4mo
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23
Q

When does birth weight double? Triple?
How much do infants loose after delivery?

A
  • Double: 6mo
  • Triple: 1 year
  • 7-10% of birth weight
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24
Q

Signs of effective breastfeeding

When should infants be back to their birth weight?

A
  • 6-8 wet diapers
  • Weight gain: back to birth weight by 2 weeks
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25
Q

Supplement needed for breastfed infant
How long should we promote breastfeeding?

A
  • Vitamin D
  • 4-6mo
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26
Q

What does Hib prevent

A
  • Epiglottitis
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27
Q

Catch up vaccine schedule

A
  • It’s Time for Many Happy Happy Happy Vaccines
  • IPV
  • Tdap
  • MMR/Meningitis
  • Hep B
  • Hib
  • HPV
  • Varicella
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28
Q

Thumbprint sign vs. steeple sign

A
  • Thumbprint: epiglottitis
  • Steeple sign: Croup
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29
Q

What bili level needs phototherapy?

A

15

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30
Q

What does leukocoria indicate?

A
  • Retinoblastoma
  • Congenital cataract
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31
Q

When do we commonly see regression?
Older kids withs abdominal complaints?

A
  • Big life changes
  • Constipation
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32
Q

Tanner stage: breast budding and puberty
When will period start?

A
  • Stage 2
  • Period in 2-3 years
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33
Q

Tanner stage: breast mounds

A

1 mound: stage 3
2 mounds: stage 4

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34
Q

Tanner stage: penis elongates

A
  • Stage 3
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35
Q

Tanner stage: straight pubic hair and scrotal enlargement

A
  • Stage 2
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36
Q

Tanner stage: curly pubes on boys

A
  • Stage 4
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37
Q

When is precocious puberty? Delayed puberty?

A
  • GIRLS: Precocious: 8, Delayed: 13
  • BOYS: Precocious: 9, Delayed: 14
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38
Q

What age do we worry if a girl’s period hasn’t started?

A

Age 15

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39
Q

2 risk factors of anorexia
How do we know if anorexia is getting better?

A
  • Heart disease and OP
  • Return of menses
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40
Q

What is a Salter Harris Fracture?
Common where?
If uncorrected?

A
  • Fracture along growth plate
  • Common in long bone fractures
  • Stunted growth
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41
Q

Salter Harris fx management based on category

A
  • 1-2: cast or splint
  • 3-5: surgery
  • Refer to ED
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42
Q

What is Nursemaid’s elbow?
Causes?

A
  • Radial head subluxation (partial dislocation of elbow)
  • Swinging motions (monkey bars)
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43
Q

Nursemaid Elbow presentation

A
  • Refuse to use affect arm
  • No obvious swelling or deformity
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44
Q

Nursemaid Elbow treatment

A
  • Closed reduction in the office
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45
Q

When should hydroceles go away by?

A

usually in 12-24mo
If not -> surgery

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46
Q

Other name for Mongolian spots
When do they go away?

A
  • Slate Grey Nevi
  • Likely resolve by age 5
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47
Q

AOM most commonly precedes what?

A

URI

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48
Q

First and Second line tx AOM

A
  • Watch and wait for 2-3 days if able
  • 1st: Amoxicillin
  • 2nd Augmentin or cephalosporin
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49
Q

Why do we worry about chronic otitis media? (2)

A
  • Hearing loss and speech delay
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50
Q

AOM with effusion only – Tx?

A
  • Recent AOM or allergies
  • Watch and wait
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51
Q

What is Vesicoureteral Reflux?

A
  • Urine flows back up into the ureters and can lead to dilation of the kidneys
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52
Q

How to diagnose VUR?
How is it graded?
What stage to refer?

A
  • Voiding cystourethrogram
  • Grade 1 (mild) to 5 (severe)
  • Refer at stage 3
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53
Q

Does VUR usually resolve?
Symptoms?

A
  • Yes, usually resolves on its own
  • Usually asymptomatic, but high grades may cause incontinence and UTIs
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54
Q

Thin upper lip, smooth philtrum, low nasal bridge
What is it?

A
  • Fetal alcohol syndrome
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55
Q

Usual cause of acne in adolescents?

A
  • Genetics
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56
Q

What happens in Turner Syndrome
Occurs in who?

A
  • Only 1 of the x chromosomes is present
  • Only occurs in females
57
Q

Symptoms of Turners? (2)

A
  • Short stature, webbed neck female
58
Q

Anticipatory guidance for Turner Syndrome
Management?

A
  • Delayed puberty – may need hormones
  • Fertility issues
  • Refer to endocrine early on
58
Q

Osgood Sclatter
Common with who?
Presentation?

A
  • Runners
  • Bump/pain at tibial tuberosity
59
Q

Management of Osgood Schlatter
When does it go away?

A
  • NSAIDs, ice
  • Will likely when the bones stop growing
60
Q

Unilateral nasal drainage may indicate what?

A
  • Possible obstruction
61
Q

Keloid scar?

A
  • Extends beyond the site of injury/surgery
  • Doesn’t regress over time
62
Q

What happens in Kawasaki Disease?
Leading cause of what?

A
  • Vasculitis
  • Leading cause of heart disease in children
63
Q

Symptoms of Kawasaki Disease

A
  • Fever > 5 days
  • Strawberry tongue
  • Edema and peeling rash on hands/feet
64
Q

Treatment for Kawasaki Disease

A
  • High dose aspirin and IVIG
  • Aspirin prevents coronary artery complications
  • IVIG decreases inflammation
65
Q

Why don’t we like to give kids aspirin?

A
  • Risk of Reye’s Syndrome (hepatitis, encephalitis)
66
Q

What if Kawasaki Disease is left untreated?

A
  • MIs and aneurysms in children
67
Q

Key symptoms of Pyloric stenosis
Diagnostics?

A
  • Olive shaped mass and projectile vomiting
  • Frequent belching and mucus stools
  • US
  • Refer for surgical correction
68
Q

Trust vs. Mistrust

A
  • Infant
  • Rely on caregivers
68
Q

Intussusception key symptoms
Diagnostics?

A
  • Sausage mass
  • Currant, jelly stools
  • US
69
Q

Most common causes of death
Infants
Age 1-4
Adolescents

A
  • Infants: birth defects/congenital probs
  • 1-4: Drowning
  • Teens: MVC
70
Q

Industry vs. Inferiority

A
  • 7-11
  • Likes and dislikes
70
Q

Autonomy vs. shame

A
  • 1-3
  • Test boundaries
71
Q

Initiative vs. Guilt

A
  • 3-6
  • Ask questions and make friends
72
Q

Intimacy vs. Isolation

A
  • 19-29
  • Search for soulmate
72
Q

Identity vs. Role confusion

A
  • 12-18
  • Who am I?
73
Q

When is meningitis vaccine given?

A
  • Age 11
  • Also give HPV
73
Q

Generativity vs. Stagnation

A
  • 40-65
    Give back to others
74
Q

Integrity vs. Despair

A
  • 65+
  • Be proud of life
75
Q

Which vaccines are given at 1-2mo? (5)

A

Hep B
DTaP
Rotavirus
Hib
IPV
PCV

  • DR HIP 1-2mo
76
Q

When is the inactivated flu vaccine first given?

A
  • 6mo
77
Q

Why is HPV given early?
Cervical CA strains
Genital Warts strains

A
  • Want to give before sexual activity
  • Cervical CA: 16 & 18
  • Genital Warts: 6 & 11
78
Q

Milia treatment?

A

None

79
Q

Cradle cap also called what?
When does it go away?

A
  • Seborrheic dermatitis
  • 3mo
80
Q

When do hemangiomas usually resolve?
When to refer?

A
  • By age 4
  • Ulcerations and vision changes if close to the eye
81
Q

Chicken pox contagious until when

A
  • Lesions have all crusted over
82
Q

How long for molluscum contagiosum to resolve?
Contagious?
Management?

A
  • Usually resolve in 6-12 months
  • Highly contagious – keep covered
  • Worry abouts sexual abuse in groin
83
Q

How does scarlet fever present? (5)

A
  • Sandpaper rash
  • Strawberry tongue
  • Sore throat
  • Fever, LN enlarged
84
Q

How to treat scarlet fever

A
  • Amoxicillin to treat underlying strep
85
Q

Mono and Strep both have what?

A
  • Sore throat
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Fever
86
Q

Mono has what that strep doesn’t?

A
  • Splenomegaly
  • Immense fatigue
87
Q

Strep usually has what symptoms?

A
  • Palatine petechiae
  • Tonsillar exudates
88
Q

How to treat strep with mono?

A
  • PCN VK
  • Macrolide, cephalosporin
89
Q

Blocked tear duct also called what

A
  • Dacryostenosis
90
Q

Symptoms of Dacryostenosis

A
  • Goopy, crusted eyelids, because the gunk has nowhere to go
  • Eye itself is clear
91
Q

Treatment of Dacryostenosis
When does it usually resolve?
What if it doesn’t?

A
  • Warm compress and gentle massage
  • 4-6mo when real tears are produce
  • Refer to ophthalmology if no resolution by 1 year
92
Q

When is BP checked after birth?

A
  • Routinely at age 3
93
Q

How is CF diagnosed?
When is it usually diagnosed?

A
  • Sweat chloride test, genetic testing
  • Usually before age 2
94
Q

Symptoms of CF

A
  • Frequent infections with thick sputum
  • Weight loss
  • Foul, greasy stools
  • Salty skin
95
Q

Common complication of CF babies?

A
  • Meconium ileus (bowel obstruction)
96
Q

RSV symptoms (4)

Diagnose?

A

**increasing respiratory rate
**Quick to get worse
- expiratory wheeze
- starts upper airways and goes lower

  • do a nasal swab to diagnose
97
Q

RSV management

A
  • Supportive – Tylenol, fluids
98
Q

Complication of RSV

A
  • Bronchiolitis and PNA
  • May need hospitalization
99
Q

Croup

Symptoms?
Treatment?

A
  • Decadron
  • Stridor, barky cough
100
Q

Pertussis (whooping cough)
Symptoms
Cause?

A
  • Runny nose, cough -> whooping cough so intense they might vomit
  • Bordetella Pertussis
101
Q

When is pertussis contagious?
How to prevent spread?

A
  • 2 weeks after cough begins
  • Azithromycin
  • nasal swab to diagnose
102
Q

When is Tdap given during pregnancy?

A
  • 3rd trimester
103
Q

Epiglottis symptoms

A
  • Muffled, hot-potato voice
  • Leaning forward and drooling
104
Q

Symptoms of sickle cell

A
  • Pain, swelling, fussy, anemia, fatigue
105
Q

Management for encopresis?

A
  • Bowel retraining, regular shitting times BID
  • Fluids, healthy diet, exercise, stool softeners
106
Q

Nocturnal Enuresis
Normal when what?
Management?
Still doing it?

A
  • Normal to go through phase when first potty trained
  • Limit fluids before bed or wake them before parents go to bed to pee
  • Refer to pediatric urology
107
Q

When does cryptorchidism usually resolve?
When to refer?
Common in who?

A
  • Usually resolves by 6mo -> refer if not
  • Premature infants (usually descend right before birth)
108
Q

Wilm’s Tumor – What is it?
Symptoms

A
  • Nephroblastoma
  • Small mass near the flank that does NOT cross the midline
109
Q

Wilm’s tumor exam – what don’t we do
Management?

A
  • Never palpate deeply d/t risk of rupture
  • US and refer
110
Q

Risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip

A
  • Breech
  • Low fluid during pregnancy
  • Female
  • Family history
  • First child
111
Q

DDOH
Presentation

A
  • Asymmetrical gluteal folds
  • Unequal leg lengths
  • Abnormal gait
112
Q

Is DDOH always present at birth?
Can we prevent it?

A
  • No, it can appear during first year
  • No
113
Q

DDOH
Maneuvers (2)

A
  • Orlatoni
  • Barlow
  • Assess for clicks and clunks
114
Q

DDOH
Management – early vs. late

A
  • Early: Pavlik Harness 1-2mo
  • Late: closed reduction and spica cast
115
Q

What is Legg-Calve Perthes Disease
When does it occur?

A
  • Osteonecrosis of femoral head
  • Younger children 4-8
116
Q

Legg Calve Perthes disease
Symptoms

A
  • Hip pain
  • Limp
  • positive Trendelenburg test (can’t stand on one leg without tilting up the pelvis)
117
Q

How to diagnose Legg Calve Perthes
Management?

A
  • XR or MRI
  • Refer to Ortho
118
Q

What is Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis? (SCFE)

A
  • Femoral head slips out and can damage the growth plate
119
Q

Risk factors for SCFE

A
  • Teens
  • Rapid growth spurt
  • Trauma
  • Obesity
120
Q

SCFE
Symptoms

A
  • Hip pain
  • Unequal leg lengths
  • Inability to bear weight
  • Limp (can’t bear weight on affected side)
    • Trendelenburg
121
Q

SCFE diagnostics?

A
  • XR and refer
122
Q

How is scoliosis measured?
What angle needs referred?

A
  • Cobb angle on imaging
  • Refer at 20 degrees
  • 25-40: bracing
  • > 45: surgery
  • Mild curvatures usually resolve without intervention as the child grows
123
Q

Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (shin splints)
Diagnosis?
Complications?

A
  • H&P because XR negative
  • Tibial stress fracture – won’t show for 2 weeks
124
Q

Shin splints treatment

A
  • Rest affected leg 7-10 days
125
Q

Flat face, low set ears, almond eyes, poor muscle tone, short, palmer crease?

A
  • Down Syndrome
126
Q

Biggest complications of Down syndrome?

A
  • Alzheimer’s, heart disease, hearing loss, hypothyroidism
127
Q

What happens in Klinefelter Syndrome?

A
  • Boys born with extra X chromosome leading to testosterone deficiency
128
Q

Klinefelter Symptoms
Management?

A
  • Large head, delayed milestones
  • Refer to endocrine for possible hormone therapy
129
Q

Long limbs, thin, tall, high/arches palate, cardiomegaly, pes planus

A

Marfan’s

130
Q

Complication of Marfan’s?

A
  • MVP
  • Cardiomegaly and aortic aneurysm
131
Q

Febrile SZ anticipatory guidance?

A
  • Do not cause LT damage
  • Are treated conservatively
132
Q

When to go to the ED for SZ?

A
  • Can’t lower fever with Tylenol
  • SZ > 5min
  • Breathing problems/ill
133
Q

When is the M-CHAT done?
When is autism usually diagnosed?

A
  • 18 months
  • Usually diagnosed between 18mo and 2 years
134
Q

Symptoms of Autism (4)

A
  • Speaking delays
  • Poor eye contact
  • Difficulty interacting with others
  • Loss of developmental skills
135
Q

ADHD management if <6 and >6

A
  • <6: Therapy and behavioral management
  • Stimulants added
136
Q

Things to watch with ADHD?

A
  • Growth, HR, BP

Misc Boards Review (19 decks)

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