Review of DSA Material Flashcards

1
Q

How do you differentiate between the different parts of the Subclavian Artery?

A
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2
Q

Which two arteries will supply blood to the brain?

A
  1. Vertebral (Posterior Brain - 20%): Terminates as the Basilar Arteries
  2. Internal Carotid (Anterior Brain - 80%): Terminates as Anterior Cerebral and Middle Cerebral Arteries
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3
Q

Describe the process of “auto-regulation” that is performed by the Circle of Willis.

A

Shunting of blood from one region of circulation to another may result in hyperperfusion and cerebral edema

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4
Q

Describe the phenomena of Subclavian Steal Syndrome.

A

Causes: OBSTRUCTION of the subclavian artery PROXIMAL to the vertebral artery

  • EPISODIC increase in peripheral circulatory demand in the associated with the extremity
  • You will have shunting of blood from the VERTEBRO-BASILAR circulation into the DISTAL SUBCLAVIAN artery which will result in VERTEBRAL-BASILAR INSUFFICIENCY (VBI)

Signs and Symptoms: Dizziness, Cranial Nerve Dysfuction, Paralysis (All four limbs), Loss of Consciousness

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5
Q

What is the bony landmark for the bifurcation of the Common Carotid Artery?

A

Hyoid Bone

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6
Q

What are the terminal branches of the External Carotid Artery?

A
  1. Maxillary Artery
  2. Superficial Temporal Artery
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7
Q
A
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8
Q

What is the terminal branch of the Maxillary Artery?

A

Sphenopalatine Artery

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9
Q

The Retromandibular vein is important because it has a relationship with which structure?

A

Facial Nerve

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10
Q

Why would you remove all of the veins in a radical neck surgery?

A

Lymph Nodes are Adherent to the VEINS!!!

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11
Q

All of the Lymph Nodes in the Neck are going to drain into which Main Node?

A

Deep Cervical Lymph Node

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12
Q

What is the first branch of the external carotid artery?

A

Superior Thyroid Artery

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13
Q

Which gland does the facial artery go through?

A

Submandibular Gland

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14
Q

The vertebral artery is going to pass through which structure and which cervical vertebrae?

A

Transverse Foramina

C6-C1 (***NO C7)

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15
Q

Which structure is embedded in the prevertebral fascia just posterior to teh common carotid artery?

A

Sympathetic Chain

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16
Q

The distal branches of the inferior thyroid artery have a direct relationship with which structure?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

17
Q
  1. The transverse venous sinus drains into the ________.
  2. The veins in the orbit drain into the ___________.
  3. The retromandibular vein has a direct relationship with the __________ nerve.
  4. The thoracic duct drains into the ____________.
  5. The posterior group of superficial cervical lumph nodes are distributed adjacent to the ___________.
A
  1. Sigmoid Sinus
  2. Cavernous Sinus
  3. Facial
  4. IVJ/Subclavian/Brachiocephalic Junction
  5. External Jugular Vein
18
Q

What are the nerve contributions of the Superior and Inferior Roots of the Ansa Cervicalis? What does it innervate?

A

Superior Root: C1-C2

Inferior Root: C2-C3

*** Innervates Strap Muscles

19
Q

Describe the relationships between the Clavicle, Anterior Scalene M., Subclavian Vein, Phrenic Nerve, Brachial Plexus and the Subclavian Artery. In which triangle is the Subclavian Artery and the Brachial Plexus located?

A

In front of Anterior Scalene –> Clavicle, Subclavian V., Phrenic Nerve

Behind Anterior Scalene –> Brachial Plexus, Subclavian Artery

*** Interscalene Triangle

20
Q

Differentiate between the different functional components (GSA, GVA, GSE, GVE, and SVE).

A

Divided up by their EMBRYONIC origin!

ONLY 2 GSE muslces in the Head: 1. Extra-occular muscles and 2. Tongue

All the other muscles in the HEAD are SVE!

21
Q

List the 3 General Visceral Efferent (GVE) Nuclei in the head and where they are headed.

A
  1. Superior Salivatory –> Submandibular Ganglion –> Submandibular Gland
  2. Inferior Salivatory –> Otic Ganlgion –> Parotid Gland
  3. Dorsal Motor Nucleus of X –> Scattered Ganglia –> Thorax and Abdomen
22
Q

Describe what will happen if you have a lesion at Cranial Nerves IX-XII.

A

IX: Loss of gag reflex, slight dysphagia, loss of sensation in pharynx and posterior 1/3 of tongue

X: Dysphonia, Dysphagia, Dyspnea, Loss of gag or laryngeal cough reflex

XI: Unilateral lesions of the spinal accessory nerve result in an isplateral inability to shrug the shoulder, and flex and rotate the head

XII: Lesions result in deviation of the protruded tongue towards the affected SIDE!

23
Q

Describe the “Collet-Sicard’s” Syndrome.

A

Penetrating injury to the RETROPAROTID region

  • Secondary to missile or penetrating injuries
  • Lesions of IX-XII and CERVICAL sympathetic trunk
24
Q

Describe Vernet’s Syndrome.

A

Basilar skull fracture involving the JUGULAR FORAMEN

  • IPSILATERAL paralysis of IX, X, and XI
25
Q
A
  1. Collet-Sicard Syndrome
  2. Internal Jugular Vein
  3. Nucleus Ambiguus
  4. Intermediolateral Cell Column
  5. Superior Salvitory Nucleus
26
Q
A
  1. Vagus
  2. Left Hypoglossal Nerve
  3. IX; X
  4. X (Internal Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve); X (Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve)
27
Q

Which Cranial Nerves Pass through the Jugular Foramen?

A

CN IX, X, and II