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Neuroscience I (Exam 1) > Histology of the Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Histology of the Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q
A
  1. Axon
  2. Mitochondrion
  3. Neurotubules
  4. Golgi Apparatus
  5. Nissl Bodies
  6. Nucleolus
  7. Nucleus
  8. Glial Cells
  9. Nissl Body (Free ribosomes and rough ER)
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2
Q
A
  1. Axon
  2. Axon Hillock (Lighter Staining area)
  3. Soma
  4. Dendrites
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3
Q

What is the name of the structures in the neuron soma that will stain? Where are they absent?

A
  • Nissl Bodies
  • ABSENT in the Axon Hillock
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4
Q
A
  1. Soma (With Nissl Bodies)
  2. Axon Hillock (NO nissl bodies)
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5
Q

What type of neuron is this? Where is it normally found?

A

BIPOLAR neuron

  • Retina, Olfactory Epithelium, Vestibular and Auditory Systems
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6
Q

What type of Neuron is in the image? Where is it typically found?

A

PSEUDOUNIPOLAR neuron

  • Sensory Ganglia of Cranial and Spinal Nerves
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7
Q

What type of neurons are in the image? Where would you typically find each of them?

A

MULTIPOLAR neurons

  • Pyramidal cell: Found in Cerebral Cortex
  • Purkinje Cell: Found in Cerebellar Cortex
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8
Q

What type of Neuron is in the image?

A

Multipolar PYRAMIDAL Cell

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9
Q

What type of neuron is in the image?

A

Multipolar PIRKINJE cell

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10
Q

List the layers that make up the grey matter in the Cerebral Cortex. (From outside –> in)

A
  1. Molecular Layer
  2. External Granular Layer
  3. External Pyramidal Cell Layer
  4. Internal Granular Layer
  5. Internal Pyramidal Layer
  6. Multiform Cell Layer
    - White Matter
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11
Q
A

CEREBRAL CORTEX

  1. Molecular Layer (Dendrites)
  2. External Granular Layer
  3. External Pyramidal Cell Layer
  4. Internal Granular Layer
  5. Internal Pyramidal Layer
  6. Multiform Cell Layer
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12
Q
A

CEREBELLUM

  1. Molecular Layer (Dendrites)
  2. Purkinje Cell Layer
  3. Granular Layer
  4. White Matter
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13
Q
A
  1. Molecular Layer
  2. Purkinje Cell Dendrites
  3. Purkinje Cell Bodies
  4. Granule Cell Layer
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14
Q

Describe the two main types of channels and their location in the neuron.

A
  • Voltage Gated Channels (“Presynaptic”)
  • Ligand Gated Channels (“Postsynaptic”)
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15
Q
A
  1. Synaptic Vesicles
  2. Presynaptic Membrane
  3. Postsynaptic Membrane
  4. Synaptic Cleft
  5. Dendrite
  6. Mitochondrion
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16
Q

Differentiate between the 4 different types of Synapses.

A
  1. AXOSOMATIC: Axon Terminal –> Soma
  2. AXOAXONIC: Axon Terminal –> Axon Terminal
  3. AXODENDRITIC: Axon Terminal –> Dendrite
  4. AXOSPINOUS: Axon Terminal –> Dendritic Spine
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17
Q
A
  1. Soma
  2. Dendritic Spine
  3. Dendritic Shaft
18
Q
A
  1. Perivascular End-Feet Area
  2. Blood Capillary
  3. Astrocyte
19
Q
A

Astrocytes

20
Q
A

Astrocytes

21
Q

What is the “job” of the Blood-Brain Barrier? What are the different components?

A

Keep blood away from the Neural Tissue

  1. Endothelial Cell
  2. Basal Lamina
  3. TIGHT JUNCTIONS
  4. Perivascular Astrocyte End-Feet
22
Q

Which substances can move across the Blood-Brain Barrier?

A

WATER, Gases, and LIPID-Soluble molecules can diffuse across ENDOTHELIAL cells

23
Q

Which cells make the myelin in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes (can myelinate MULTIPLE axons)

24
Q
A

Oligodendroglia (Oligodendrocytes)

25
Q
A
  1. Oligodendroglia
  2. Nucleus
  3. Axon
  4. Myelin
26
Q
A

Oligodendroglia (Oligodendrocytes)

27
Q

Differentiate between the myelination process and structure of the CNS and PNS.

A

CNS: Oligodendrocytes make the myelin; ASTROCYTIC end-foot is going to be located between the myelin

PNS: Schwann Cells make the myelin; NODE of RANVIER is going to be located between the myelin

28
Q
A

Node of Ranvier (PNS)

29
Q

What is the name of these cells? What is their purpose?

A

Microglia Cells function as the Phagocytic Cells of the CNS

  • Require SPECIAL staining techniques
30
Q
A
  1. Choroid Plexus
  2. Choroid Epithelium (Cuboidal Cells linked by TIGHT junctions; Produce CSF)
  3. Ependymal Epithelium (Cuboidal Cells linked by Desmosomes)
  4. Lumen of the 3rd Ventricle
31
Q

Differentiate between Tanycytes and Ependymal Cells.

A

Tanycytes: Linked together by TIGHT junctions, can penetrate the Blood-Brain Barrier and communicate with blood vessels; typically found in the THIRD VENTRICLE

Ependymal Cells: Linked together by BELT-DESMOSOMES

32
Q
A

Ependymal Cell

33
Q
A

Central Canal (Brainstem) lined by Ependymal Cells, NO TANYCYTES!!!!

34
Q
A

Ependymal Cell with CILIUM

35
Q

In which ventricles does most of the Choroid Plexus reside?

A

LATERAL ventricles

36
Q
A

Choroid Plexus

37
Q

What is the “job” of the Arachnoid-CSF Barrier?

A

Keeps CSF off of the Dura mater and is responsible for draining CSF back out into the blood stream

  • Taking CSF out of the Subarachnoid space and draining it into the Dural Venous Sinus
38
Q

What is the “job” of the Blood-CSF Barrier?

A

Getting fluid out of the blood (ultrafiltrate of plasma) and into the Ependymal cells via fenestrated capillaries to PRODUCE CSF!

39
Q

List the different layers of Meninges. (Inside –> Out)

A
  1. Pia Mater (Directly on the Brain)
  2. Arachnoid Mater
  3. Dura Mater
40
Q
A
  1. Arachnoid Mater
  2. Pia Mater
41
Q

What is the structure that is responsible for getting CSF out of the Arachnoid Mater? Describe its structure.

A

ARACHNOID VILLUS

Part of the Arachnoid Mater that will protrude up into the Dura Mater INTO the Dural VENOUS SINUS!

42
Q
A
  1. White Matter
  2. Arachnoid Mater
  3. Pia Mater
  4. Dura Mater

Neuroscience I (Exam 1) (12 decks)

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