Review for Exam 2

Question 1

Four classes of monilophytes

Answer 1

1. psilotopsida: whisk ferns, moonworts 2. marattiopsida: marattioid ferns 3. polypodiopsida: remaining ferns 4. equisetopsida: horsetails

Question 2

Equisetopsida

Answer 2

one living genus, equisetum

Question 3

Important concepts/terms for equisetopsida

Answer 3

1. node/internode 2. whorled leaves and branches 3. storbilus with peltate sporanigiophores 4. gametophyte and sporophyte generations can live on their own 5. fossil diversity greater, could be trees

Question 4

stem regions of equisetum

Answer 4

pith, cortex,
vascular bundles, epidermis

Question 5

What is the defining feature of polypodiopsida?

Answer 5

LEPTOSPORANGIUM!

Question 6

Which group in polypodiopsida is heterosporous?

Answer 6

SALVINALES (water ferns)

Question 7

What is a fern leaf often called?

Answer 7

Frond!

Question 8

Pinnately compound leaf

Answer 8

once-pinnate twice-pinnate or bipinnate

Question 9

what are the structures that (estan enrrollados)

Answer 9

fiddleheads!

Question 10

Immature leaf structures coiled?

Answer 10

circinate vernation

Question 11

Cluster of sporangia?

Answer 11

sorus

Question 12

outgrowth of leaf that covers the sporangia (sorus)

Answer 12

indusium

Question 13

Eusporangium

Answer 13

1. >1 initial (cell from which sporangium develops) 2. wall >1 cell layer thick 3. no annulus 4. bigger w/ more spores 5. no stalk 6. living vascular plants excluding polypodiopsida

Question 14

Leptosporangium

Answer 14

1. 1 initial (cell from which sporangium develops) 2. capsule wall 1 cell layer thick 3. annulus 4. smaller w/ fewer spores 5. often stalk 6. polypodiopsida

Question 15

Prothallus

Answer 15

gametophyte

Question 16

water ferns

Answer 16

1. sporangia in specialized structures 2. sporocarps

Question 17

Marattiopsida

Answer 17

1. six living genera 2. tropical 3. good fossil record 4. large megaphylls, circinate vernation 5. fleshy rhizomes or upright stems

Question 18

Psilotopsida

Answer 18

includes two orders: 1. orphioglossales 2. psilotales psilotum!!!

Question 19

Psilotum

Answer 19

The whisk fern: NO ROOTS OR LEAVES 1. rhizome with rhizoids 2. enations 3. dichotomous branching 4. synangia 5. protostele or siphonstele

Question 20

Early polysporangiophytes

Answer 20

1. dichotomizing axes 2. no roots, no leaves 3. terminal sporangia 4. sporangia 5. protostele 6. gametophytes unisexual, upright gametangiophores

Question 21

Psilotum

Answer 21

1. dichotomising axes 2. no roots, enations 3. some forms with terminals synangia 4. synangia 5. protostele or siphonostele 6. gametophytes bisexual, look like rhizomes

Question 22

Lignophytes

Answer 22

1. clade including seed plants and related extinct groups 2. lignophyte groups share the synapomorphy of having a bifacil vascular cambium 3. draw the table thing

Question 23

Vascular cambium

Answer 23

de afuera pa’dentro: 1. peridem 2. secondary phloem 3. vascular cambium 4. secondary xylem (wood) DRAW IT OUT!

Question 24

Progymnosperms

Answer 24

1. Archaepteris 2. heterosporous but didnt produce seeds 3. branching system looked similar to fern fronds 4. eustele 5. the stem produced wood much like that of a conifer

Question 25

Gymnosperms

Answer 25

Naked seeds

Question 26

why are gymnosperm seeds "naked"?

Answer 26

Their seeds are not enclosed in an ovary (fruit)

Question 27

Extinct diversity

Answer 27

1. pteridosperms = seed ferns (seed plants with fern-like leaves) 2. cycadeoids = cycad-like forms (probs not related to cycads) 3. cordaites = ancestors to conifer

Question 28

what is a seed?

Answer 28

mature ovule with embryo

Question 29

what part of the ovule is the megasporangium?

Answer 29

nucellus

Question 30

what layer or layers surround the nucellus?

Answer 30

integuments

Question 31

what is the function of a megasporocyte or megaspore mother cell?

Answer 31

undergoes meiosis to produce 4 haploid megaspores

Question 32

what provides sustenance to the embryo in gymnosperm seeds?

Answer 32

megagametophyte

Question 33

what is the microgametophyte in seed plants?

Answer 33

pollen grain

Question 34

what can the microsporangia also be called?

Answer 34

pollen sacs

Question 35

which gymnosperms have sperm WITHOUT flagella?

Answer 35

conifers and gnetophytes

Question 36

what does a haustorial pollen tube do?

Answer 36

grows into and derives nutrients from the nucellus

Question 37

cycadophyta: the cycads

Answer 37

1. often palm-like in appearance 2. pinnately compound leaves 3. dichotomous branching 4. cataphylls, corraloid roots 5. simple cone structure

Question 38

what can the ovule-bearing strobilus be called in cycads?

Answer 38

ovulate cone

Question 39

what can the pollen-producing strobilus be called in cycads?

Answer 39

pollen cone

Question 40

what is dioecious?

Answer 40

plants produce ovules or pollen

Question 41

what is monoecious?

Answer 41

plants produce ovules and pollen

Question 42

Explain axillary branching

Answer 42

branches form from buds in leaf axils

Question 43

what does deciduous mean?

Answer 43

loses leaves seasonally

Question 44

what is a cotyledon?

Answer 44

seed leaf

Question 45

Gnetophyta

Answer 45

1. three genera: a. ephedra b gnetum c. welwitschia 2. typically dioecious 3. reproductive structures are compound cones 4. sperm lack flagella

Question 46

gnetophyte shares some features with angiosperms

Answer 46

1. Vessels: water-conducting tubes found in angiosperms made of cells called vessel elements 2. double fertilization: both sperm in pollen grain fuse with structures in the ovule) 3. gnetum and weltwitschia lack archegonia 4. sometimes, both pollen sacs and ovules on strobili

Question 47

Pinus leaves

Answer 47

1. needle leaf 2. sheath DRAW IT OUT!

Question 48

Pinus pollen cone

Answer 48

1. microsporophyll 2. microsporangium (abaxial) DRAW IT OUT!

Question 49

Pinus ovulate cone

Answer 49

1. Ovuliferous scale 2. bract DRAW IT OUT!

Question 50

Taxaceae

Answer 50

1. Aril (looks like a berry/cherry) 2. seed (inside aril)

Question 51

WORLD'S TALLEST TREE

Answer 51

Coast Redwood!