Final Test

Question 1

Phylum Monilophyta

Answer 1

Psilotopsida - Fern
Marattiopsida - Fern
Polypodiopsida - Fern
Equisetopsida - Fern

Question 2

Phylum Monilophyta is…

Answer 2

1. abundant in fossils and very large
2. diverse over all angiosperms
3. greatest diversity found in the tropics

Question 3

Two types of sporangia in ferns

Answer 3

Eusporangium and Leptosporangium

Question 4

Eusporangium parent cells (initials)

Answer 4

are located at the surface of the tissue from which the sporangium is produced

Question 5

Eusporangium cells

Answer 5

divide by the formation of walls parallel to the surface, producing inner and outer cells

Question 6

Eusporangium outer layer

Answer 6

builds up the wall of the sporangium

Question 7

Eusporangium inner layer

Answer 7

gives rise to the spore mother cell

Question 8

Eusporangium innermost layer

Answer 8

has tapetum, which provides nourishment to the developing cells

Question 9

Eusporangium

Answer 9

characteristic of all vascular plants except the leptosporangia ferns

Question 10

Leptosporangia arise from

Answer 10

a single superficial initial cell which divides traversely or obliquely (moves straight out)

Question 11

Leptosporangia divides how

Answer 11

by a precise pattern the outer cell divides and creates an elaborate stalked sporangium with a capsule having a wall that is one cell thick

Question 12

Leptosporangia within the wall

Answer 12

is the two layered tapetum

Question 13

Leptosporangia inner mass

Answer 13

eventually divides into mother cells, create tetrad of spores

Question 14

Leptosporangia after it nourishes the young spores within the sporangeum

Answer 14

the material from the tapetum is deposited is deposited around the spores

Question 15

Leptosporangia unevenly thick walls called

Answer 15

annulus

Question 16

Leptosporangia as it dries out the annulus

Answer 16

contracts splitting the capsule along the lip cells exploting (dehiscence) the spores out to the world.

Question 17

Psilotopsida and Marattiopsida both are

Answer 17

eusporangiates

Question 18

Psilotopsida consists of

Answer 18

homosporous ferns:

1. ophioglossales
2. psilotales

Question 19

Psilotopsida - Ophioglossales

Answer 19

two segments:
vegetative (sterile)
fertile - bears eusporangia

Question 20

Psilotopsida - Psilotum

Answer 20

1. tropical, subtropical
2. whisk fern
3. simple, no roots no leaves
4. has rhizomes

Question 21

Psilotum dichotomous branching

Answer 21

one stem gives rise to 2 branches

Question 22

Psilotum synangia

Answer 22

spores are housed in these 3 lobed structures

Question 23

Psilotum enations

Answer 23

outgrowth below the synangia

Question 24

Psilotum gametophyte

Answer 24

is bisexual - subteranian
has both archegonia and antheridia
sperm multiflagged (require water)

Question 25

Polypodiopsida

Answer 25

only letosporangiate fern (synapomorphy) | homosporous

Question 26

Polypodiopsida fronds

Answer 26

can be one-pinnate or twice pinnate

Question 27

Polypodiopsida sporangia

Answer 27

occur in the margins or lower surfaces of leaves | sori and indusium

Question 28

Polypodiopsida gametophyte

Answer 28

Prothallus, heart shaped membrane structures antheridia and archegonia develop on lower surface of prothallus. multiflagellate sperm

Question 29

Polypodiopsida water ferns

Answer 29

(salvinales) heterosporous have sporocarps - germinate when places in water

Question 30

Marattipsida

Answer 30

tropical circinate vegetation homosporous bisexual gametophytes

Question 31

Equisetopsida

Answer 31

``` horsetails, represented by equisetum strobili fertile shoot node internode rhizome ```

Question 32

All seed plants are

Answer 32

heterosporous, they produce megaspores and microspores

Question 33

seed ovule

Answer 33

integument nucellus (megasporangium) megaspore (mother cell) microphyle

Question 34

seed plants

Answer 34

include angiosperms(flowers) and gymnosperms(no flowers)

Question 35

gymnosperms

Answer 35

naked. | seed not enclosed in an ovary (fruit)

Question 36

extinct gymnosperms

Answer 36

pteridosperms, cycadeois, cordaites