Exam 1 and 2

Question 1

Hennig is best known for which contribution to science?

Answer 1

idea of synapomorphy

Question 2

which group has plastids that are the result of primary endosymbiosis?

Answer 2

embryophytes
charales
red algae

Question 3

phylogenetics is the study of

Answer 3

evolutionary (genealogical) relationships

Question 4

what type of meiosis characterizes the life cycles of humans and other animals?

Answer 4

gametic

Question 5

prokaryotics are included in

Answer 5

domain bacteria and domain archaea

Question 6

eukaryotic cells have

Answer 6

linear chromosomes
nuclear membranes
organelles

Question 7

what is the correct way to write the species name for the eastern white pine

Answer 7

P.strobus

Question 8

the substance the gives tracheary elements rigidity is called

Answer 8

lignin

Question 9

Bryopsida is which taxonomic category

Answer 9

phylum

Question 10

which is a clade

Answer 10

green algae

Question 11

leaf gaps

Answer 11

are gaps in of the vascular tissue of the stem associated with leaf traces

Question 12

water conducting cells in the true mosses are called

Answer 12

hydroids

Question 13

cells that help to disperse liverwort spores are

Answer 13

elaters

Question 14

the clade including only the charophycear and embryophytes is

Answer 14

streptophytes

Question 15

a term for a lid as on the capsule of a moss sporophyte is

Answer 15

operculum

Question 16

a protostele is

Answer 16

a cylinder of solid vascular tissue

Question 17

_____ were early prokaryotic photosynthesizers that added oxygen to the earth’s atmosphere.

Answer 17

cyanobacteria

Question 18

cyanobacteria are thought to be the ancestors to the ______, an organelle found in the plant cell

Answer 18

plastids

Question 19

the process by which a host cell engulfed another cell that later became an organelle is known as

Answer 19

endosymbiosis

Question 20

in a life cycel with ____ meiosis, the only diploid cell is the ______

Answer 20

zygotic

zygote

Question 21

a bryophyte body that is not divided into stems and leaves is know as

Answer 21

thallus

Question 22

a unique characteristic of the liverworts is a type of organelle called the

Answer 22

oil bodies

Question 23

like the sporophytes of the polysporangiophytes, the sporphytes of mosses and hornworts have _______. this characteristic is a synapomorphy for the clade consisting of mossesm hornworts, and polysporangiophytes

Answer 23

stomata

Question 24

the vascular plants are also known as the

Answer 24

tracheophytes

Question 25

the 2 main clades of vascular plants are the

Answer 25

euphylophytes and lycophytes

Question 26

in vascular plants, the three tissue systems are

Answer 26

dermal, vascular and group

Question 27

the ____ produces secondary growth

Answer 27

cambium

Question 28

haploid or diploid: | moss calyptra

Answer 28

haploid

Question 29

haploid or diploid: | gametes

Answer 29

haploid

Question 30

haploid or diploid: | lycophyte spores

Answer 30

haploid

Question 31

haploid or diploid: | moss sporophyte seta

Answer 31

diploid

Question 32

haploid or diploid: | lycophyte microphylls

Answer 32

diploid

Question 33

name and explain the purpose of one adaptation that plants have for life on land

Answer 33

cuticule - helps prevent water loss | stomata - gas exchange

Question 34

define analogy. give one example of an analogous structure in plants

Answer 34

shared character through convergent evolution, not a shared ancestor. stomata - gas exchange

Question 35

name one feature that distinguishes the sporophyte of bryophytes from the sporphyte or early polysporangiophytes, like aglaophyton and rhynia

Answer 35

apical growth vs non-apical growth

Question 36

list 2 characteristics found in peat mossess that distinguish them from any other mosses

Answer 36

sudopodium vs sida

Question 37

homosporous vs heterosporous

Answer 37

heterosporous are unisexual

Question 38

homosporous or heterosporous: | seed plants

Answer 38

heterosporous

Question 39

homosporous or heterosporous: | equisetum

Answer 39

homosporous

Question 40

homosporous or heterosporous: | salvinales (water ferns)

Answer 40

heterosporous

Question 41

homosporous or heterosporous: | psilotum

Answer 41

homosporous

Question 42

haploid or diploid: | megagametophyte

Answer 42

haploid

Question 43

haploid or diploid: | integument

Answer 43

diploid

Question 44

haploid or diploid: | megaspore mother cell

Answer 44

diploid

Question 45

haploid or diploid: | megaspore

Answer 45

haploid

Question 46

haploid or diploid: | sporophyte embryo

Answer 46

diploid

Question 47

a fern leaf can also be called a

Answer 47

frond

Question 48

another name for the petiole of a fern leaf is

Answer 48

stipe

Question 49

fern leaves are often pinnately compound, with the leaflets also known as

Answer 49

pinnae

Question 50

clusters of sporangia found on fern leaves are known as

Answer 50

sori

Question 51

sori often occur on the ___ side, or underside, of the leaf

Answer 51

abaxial

Question 52

a flowe with all floral whorls is known as

Answer 52

complete

Question 53

all the petal and sepals together are known as the

Answer 53

perianth

Question 54

all the stamens together are know as the

Answer 54

androesium

Question 55

if a flower has both stamen and carpels, regardless of whether it also has petals and sepals or not, it is known as

Answer 55

perfect

Question 56

the stalk of an individual flower in a group of the of the flowers is the

Answer 56

peticil

Question 57

a group of flowers in an

Answer 57

inflorescence

Question 58

the bifacial vascular cambium in seed plants

Answer 58

produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem

Question 59

resins are found in many member of which gymnosperm group

Answer 59

conifers

Question 60

the nucellus in the seed plants is equivalent to which structure

Answer 60

megasporangium

Question 61

which structure is unique to equisetum among the monilophytes

Answer 61

peltate sporangiophore

Question 62

leptosporangia are characteristic of

Answer 62

polypodiopsida

Question 63

in Pinus seedsm the nutritive tissue (food) for developing embryo is

Answer 63

megagametophyte

Question 64

an irregular flower is

Answer 64

radially symmetrical

Question 65

in seed plant embryos, cotyledons are

Answer 65

a leaf or leaves on the embryo

Question 66

a megasporocyte is also called a

Answer 66

megaspore mother cell

Question 67

a name for the gametophyte od a homosporous fern is

Answer 67

prothallus

Question 68

flowers with inferior ovaries are also

Answer 68

epigynous

Question 69

in pines, the cell that divides to give rise to the sperm is called the _____ cell

Answer 69

spermatogenous

Question 70

nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria live in cycad

Answer 70

coralloid roots

Question 71

the microgametophyte in seed plants (like pinus) is the

Answer 71

pollen grain

Question 72

pinus has

Answer 72

simple pollen cones and compound ovulate seed cones

Question 73

a fleshy outgrouth covering a seed is called

Answer 73

aril

Question 74

the angiosperm carpel is a

Answer 74

megasporophyll

Question 75

in seeds, the seed coat is formed from the

Answer 75

integument

Question 76

what is an example of a connate structure

Answer 76

petals fused to other petals

Question 77

branching from axilary buds is absent in which group

Answer 77

cycads

Question 78

ephedra is a member of what group

Answer 78

gnetophyta

Question 79

pollination vs fertilization

Answer 79

fertilization - occurs within the flower | pollination - requires a pollinator, an animal

Question 80

eusporangium

Answer 80

>1 initial wall >1 layer thick bigger with more spores

Question 81

leptosporangium

Answer 81

1 initial wall 1 cell layer thick smaller with fewer spores

Question 82

what is a fascicle in a pine

Answer 82

determinate short shoot

Question 83

What is one feature that psilotum shares with the sporophytes of protracheophytes that make them structurally similar?

Answer 83

synangia | enations

Question 84

what type of tree is the tallest tree on earth?

Answer 84

coast redwood