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PBIO > Exam 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hennig is best known for which contribution to science?

A

idea of synapomorphy

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2
Q

which group has plastids that are the result of primary endosymbiosis?

A

embryophytes
charales
red algae

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3
Q

phylogenetics is the study of

A

evolutionary (genealogical) relationships

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4
Q

what type of meiosis characterizes the life cycles of humans and other animals?

A

gametic

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5
Q

prokaryotics are included in

A

domain bacteria and domain archaea

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6
Q

eukaryotic cells have

A

linear chromosomes
nuclear membranes
organelles

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7
Q

what is the correct way to write the species name for the eastern white pine

A

P.strobus

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8
Q

the substance the gives tracheary elements rigidity is called

A

lignin

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9
Q

Bryopsida is which taxonomic category

A

phylum

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10
Q

which is a clade

A

green algae

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11
Q

leaf gaps

A

are gaps in of the vascular tissue of the stem associated with leaf traces

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12
Q

water conducting cells in the true mosses are called

A

hydroids

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13
Q

cells that help to disperse liverwort spores are

A

elaters

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14
Q

the clade including only the charophycear and embryophytes is

A

streptophytes

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15
Q

a term for a lid as on the capsule of a moss sporophyte is

A

operculum

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16
Q

a protostele is

A

a cylinder of solid vascular tissue

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17
Q

_____ were early prokaryotic photosynthesizers that added oxygen to the earth’s atmosphere.

A

cyanobacteria

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18
Q

cyanobacteria are thought to be the ancestors to the ______, an organelle found in the plant cell

A

plastids

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19
Q

the process by which a host cell engulfed another cell that later became an organelle is known as

A

endosymbiosis

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20
Q

in a life cycel with ____ meiosis, the only diploid cell is the ______

A

zygotic

zygote

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21
Q

a bryophyte body that is not divided into stems and leaves is know as

A

thallus

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22
Q

a unique characteristic of the liverworts is a type of organelle called the

A

oil bodies

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23
Q

like the sporophytes of the polysporangiophytes, the sporphytes of mosses and hornworts have _______. this characteristic is a synapomorphy for the clade consisting of mossesm hornworts, and polysporangiophytes

A

stomata

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24
Q

the vascular plants are also known as the

A

tracheophytes

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25
Q

the 2 main clades of vascular plants are the

A

euphylophytes and lycophytes

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26
Q

in vascular plants, the three tissue systems are

A

dermal, vascular and group

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27
Q

the ____ produces secondary growth

A

cambium

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28
Q

haploid or diploid:

moss calyptra

A

haploid

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29
Q

haploid or diploid:

gametes

A

haploid

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30
Q

haploid or diploid:

lycophyte spores

A

haploid

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31
Q

haploid or diploid:

moss sporophyte seta

A

diploid

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32
Q

haploid or diploid:

lycophyte microphylls

A

diploid

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33
Q

name and explain the purpose of one adaptation that plants have for life on land

A

cuticule - helps prevent water loss

stomata - gas exchange

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34
Q

define analogy. give one example of an analogous structure in plants

A

shared character through convergent evolution, not a shared ancestor.
stomata - gas exchange

35
Q

name one feature that distinguishes the sporophyte of bryophytes from the sporphyte or early polysporangiophytes, like aglaophyton and rhynia

A

apical growth vs non-apical growth

36
Q

list 2 characteristics found in peat mossess that distinguish them from any other mosses

A

sudopodium vs sida

37
Q

homosporous vs heterosporous

A

heterosporous are unisexual

38
Q

homosporous or heterosporous:

seed plants

A

heterosporous

39
Q

homosporous or heterosporous:

equisetum

A

homosporous

40
Q

homosporous or heterosporous:

salvinales (water ferns)

A

heterosporous

41
Q

homosporous or heterosporous:

psilotum

A

homosporous

42
Q

haploid or diploid:

megagametophyte

A

haploid

43
Q

haploid or diploid:

integument

A

diploid

44
Q

haploid or diploid:

megaspore mother cell

A

diploid

45
Q

haploid or diploid:

megaspore

A

haploid

46
Q

haploid or diploid:

sporophyte embryo

A

diploid

47
Q

a fern leaf can also be called a

A

frond

48
Q

another name for the petiole of a fern leaf is

A

stipe

49
Q

fern leaves are often pinnately compound, with the leaflets also known as

A

pinnae

50
Q

clusters of sporangia found on fern leaves are known as

A

sori

51
Q

sori often occur on the ___ side, or underside, of the leaf

A

abaxial

52
Q

a flowe with all floral whorls is known as

A

complete

53
Q

all the petal and sepals together are known as the

A

perianth

54
Q

all the stamens together are know as the

A

androesium

55
Q

if a flower has both stamen and carpels, regardless of whether it also has petals and sepals or not, it is known as

A

perfect

56
Q

the stalk of an individual flower in a group of the of the flowers is the

A

peticil

57
Q

a group of flowers in an

A

inflorescence

58
Q

the bifacial vascular cambium in seed plants

A

produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem

59
Q

resins are found in many member of which gymnosperm group

A

conifers

60
Q

the nucellus in the seed plants is equivalent to which structure

A

megasporangium

61
Q

which structure is unique to equisetum among the monilophytes

A

peltate sporangiophore

62
Q

leptosporangia are characteristic of

A

polypodiopsida

63
Q

in Pinus seedsm the nutritive tissue (food) for developing embryo is

A

megagametophyte

64
Q

an irregular flower is

A

radially symmetrical

65
Q

in seed plant embryos, cotyledons are

A

a leaf or leaves on the embryo

66
Q

a megasporocyte is also called a

A

megaspore mother cell

67
Q

a name for the gametophyte od a homosporous fern is

A

prothallus

68
Q

flowers with inferior ovaries are also

A

epigynous

69
Q

in pines, the cell that divides to give rise to the sperm is called the _____ cell

A

spermatogenous

70
Q

nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria live in cycad

A

coralloid roots

71
Q

the microgametophyte in seed plants (like pinus) is the

A

pollen grain

72
Q

pinus has

A

simple pollen cones and compound ovulate seed cones

73
Q

a fleshy outgrouth covering a seed is called

A

aril

74
Q

the angiosperm carpel is a

A

megasporophyll

75
Q

in seeds, the seed coat is formed from the

A

integument

76
Q

what is an example of a connate structure

A

petals fused to other petals

77
Q

branching from axilary buds is absent in which group

A

cycads

78
Q

ephedra is a member of what group

A

gnetophyta

79
Q

pollination vs fertilization

A

fertilization - occurs within the flower

pollination - requires a pollinator, an animal

80
Q

eusporangium

A

> 1 initial
wall >1 layer thick
bigger with more spores

81
Q

leptosporangium

A

1 initial
wall 1 cell layer thick
smaller with fewer spores

82
Q

what is a fascicle in a pine

A

determinate short shoot

83
Q

What is one feature that psilotum shares with the sporophytes of protracheophytes that make them structurally similar?

A

synangia

enations

84
Q

what type of tree is the tallest tree on earth?

A

coast redwood

PBIO (14 decks)

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