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PBIO > Monilophytes: Horsetails (Equisetopsida) > Flashcards

Monilophytes: Horsetails (Equisetopsida) Flashcards

1
Q

Monilophytes

A

Clade of ferns + horsetails discovered using molecular sequence datasets

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2
Q

Four clases of Monilophytes

A
  1. Psilotopsida
  2. Marattiopsida
  3. Polypodiopsida
  4. Equisetopsida
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3
Q

Psilotopsida

A

whisk fern, moonworts

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4
Q

Marattiopsida

A

marattioid ferns

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5
Q

Polypodiopsida

A

remaining ferns

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6
Q

Equisetopsida

A

horsetails and extint relatives

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7
Q

Equisetopsida - Explain

A

Unusual among monilophites:

  1. jointed stems
  2. small leaves in whorls
  3. whorled branches
  4. cones
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8
Q

Sporophyte

A
  1. Rhizomatous
  2. leaves and branches are in whorls
  3. surface of stems has ribs
  4. ribs alternate from node to node
  5. Stomata between ribs
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9
Q

Whorl

A

three or more leaves attached at the same level (node) on stem

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10
Q

Node

A

region of the stem where a leaf or leaves are attached

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11
Q

Internode

A

region between two nodes

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12
Q

Silica in epidermis

A

stem has rough texture (“scouring rush”)

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13
Q

Silica

A

may be involved in support of stem

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14
Q

peltate

A

(shield-like) structures that bear sporangia

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15
Q

Strobilus

A

born at the tips of stems.

comprised of sporangiophores and pelate

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16
Q

sporangium / sporangia

A

produces spores that germinate into tiny gametophytes.

17
Q

Sporangiophores

A

Strobili of whorled peltate structures (sporangiophores) bearing
sporangia on underside

18
Q

Ribs on sporophyte stem

A
  1. Alternate from node to node

2. stomata between ribs

19
Q

Equisetum

A
  1. Homosporous.

2. Only living memeber of Equisetopsida

20
Q

Elaters on spores

A

Four elaters on spore wall (help in dispersal).

Sensative to moisture and uncoil as they drie.

21
Q

Gametophytes on Horsetails

A
  1. unisexuial (male) or bisexual

2. Rhizoid-bearing and a “leafy” reagions

22
Q

homosporous

A

producing spores of one kind only

23
Q

Equisetum stem anatomy

A
  1. Open canals are associated with the vascular bundles and also occur in the cortex
  2. There is also a large, hollow pith cavity.
  3. nodes are solid.
24
Q

Pith cavity

A

canal in the center of the stem

PBIO (14 decks)

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