Review concepts Flashcards
heart blood flow step one
deoxygenated blood flows into right atrium via the superior and inferior vena cavas
heart blood flow step two
blood flows from right atrium to right ventricle to the pulmonary artery and then to the lungs
heart blood flow step three
blood becomes oxygenated and discarded co2 in the lungs this then goes to the pulmonary veins and then into the left atrium
heart blood flow step four
from the left atrium blood goes to left ventricle and then to the aorta
pulmonary circulation
right side, lower pressure, focuses on o2 and co2 exchange
systemic circulation
left side, higher pressure, focuses on moving blood through the system
diffusion and gas exchange in lungs pathway
- o2 diffuses across pulmonary membrane into capillary blood
- hemoglobin binds to o2
- co2 is released
diffusion and gas exchange in lungs effectiveness
- concentration: of o2 and co2
- solubility: co2 is more soluble than o2
- membrane thickness
systolic BP
contraction of left ventricle, smoking, CVD, stress etc
diastolic BP
at rest, artery issue
baroreceptors
location: blood vessels and heart
what: monitors pressure changes in arteries
beta-1: cardiac output, alpha-1: vasoconstriction
chemoreceptors
location: aorta and cartoid ateries
what: feedback for ventilation and vasoconstriction
hypertension
essential: stand alone
secondary: due to other disease
peripheral arterial disease
reduce blood flow and o2 supply to peripheral aeries, causes intermittent claudation
intermittent claduation
pain due to peripheral aterial disease
mouth role in digestion
mechanical
stomach role in digestion
chemical
difference between spinchter muscle and peristalsis
s: moves chyme from stomach to small intestine
p: smooth muscle contractions of small intestine
amylase
breaks down starch
diagnosis of chrons
blood: fecal, blood, antibody test
imaging: ct, xray
chrons vs ulcerative colitis
c: all GI, happens in patches, can extend through whole bowel wall
uc: GI happens in colon and rectum, happens continuously, innermost lining
how male reproductive hormones work
hypothalamus, GnRH, FSH + LH, LH acts on leydig cells, testosterone
estrogen responsibilities
secreted through ovaries during menstrual cycle
responsible for: fluid balance, breast development, reproductive organ development
progesterone responsibilites
secreted through ovaries from ovulation to menses
responsible for: thickens uterus lining, relaxing smooth muscles, elevates core body temperature
