GI

Question 1

GI system responsibilities

Answer 1

1. digestive tract and organs assist in digestion
2. contains: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines
3. organs: liver, bladder, pancreas

Question 2

GI functions

Answer 2

1. digesting and extracting micronutrients
2. absorbing nutrients
3. forming a physiologic and chemical barrier against microorganisms and other foreign materials

Question 3

digestion

Answer 3

process by which food is broken down mechanically and chemically in the GI tract

Question 4

absorption

Answer 4

process of taking in nutrients and moving these to the cells

Question 5

amylase

Answer 5

enzymatically breaks down starch (polysaccharides)

Question 6

sphincter muscle

Answer 6

prevents regurgitation while digestion is happening

Question 7

pepsin

Answer 7

breaks down proteins

Question 8

hydrochloric acid

Answer 8

breaking down food, activating digestive enzymes, and killing bacteria

Question 9

chyme

Answer 9

moistened, mixed acidic food

Question 10

chyme pathway

Answer 10

stomach to small intestine **uses sphincter muscle

Question 11

peristalsis

Answer 11

smooth muscle contractions of the intestine that move chyme through it

Question 12

duodenum

Answer 12

first part of small intestine where most digestion occurs

Question 13

peptidase

Answer 13

digests proteins

Question 14

sucrase

Answer 14

digests sugars

Question 15

trypsin and chemotrypsin

Answer 15

digesting protein

Question 16

lipase

Answer 16

digesting lipids

Question 17

gastric bypass surgery

Answer 17

small stomach pouch created to restrict food that is eaten, section of small intestine is connected to the pouch bypassing stomach

Question 18

crohns disease

Answer 18

chronic inflammatory bowel disease
characterized by: inflammation of gi tract
can impact any part of the gi tract but most common at the end of the small intestine

Question 19

crohns and genetics

Answer 19

more likely to have it if a family member does

Question 20

crohns burden

Answer 20

diagnosed in 20-30’s

Question 21

etiology

Answer 21

interaction of etiology, immune system, environment

Question 22

fistulas

Answer 22

inflammation goes through many walls of intestine created “tunnels” that can be infected

Question 23

abscess

Answer 23

pus filled pocked of infection

Question 24

anal fissure

Answer 24

tear

Question 25

ulcers

Answer 25

open sores in mouth, intestine etc

Question 26

malnutrition

Answer 26

happens as a result of crohns, inability to absorb the right nutrients

Question 27

diagnosing crohns

Answer 27

fecal blood test, antibody test, imaging tests

Question 28

treatment of crohns

Answer 28

pharmacotherapy, non prescription meds (anti-diarrheals, pain relief), surgery

Question 29

crohns vs ulcertive colitis

Answer 29

C: inflammation anywhere in GI tract, commonly in end of small intestine, may extend through the entire thickness of bowel wall

UC: inflammation limited to large intestine, rectum and colon, continuous pattern, innermost lining