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PUBHLTH 370 Final > CVD > Flashcards

CVD Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

What: organ system that distributes blood to all parts of the body, function: transportation, includes: arteries, veins , capillaries, blood

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1
Q

Arteries

A

Carries blood FROM heart to tissues

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2
Q

Veins

A

Carries blood TO heart

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3
Q

Capillaries

A

connecting links between arteries and veins

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4
Q

Blood

A

delivers O2 and nutrients to tissues and receives CO2 and waste from tissues

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5
Q

Perfusion

A

supplying o2 blood to lungs and organ systems via blood vessels, need it to happen to get blood and o2

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6
Q

Cardiac conduction

A

electrical signaling required for the heart to pump, conduction of impulses fueled by: the passage of ions - sodium, calcium and potassium along cell membranes

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7
Q

Stroke volume

A

amount of blood pumped out of one ventricle in one single beat

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8
Q

Heart rate

A

the number of heart beats that occur in one minute

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9
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

pressure in your blood vessels when heart contracts and pumps blood

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10
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

the pressure in your arteries when your heart is resting between beats

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11
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

thickening and hardening of walls

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12
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

thickening and narrowing of walls due to plaque build up

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13
Q

Hypertension

A

sustained and excessive BP, major risk factor for heart disease, stroke and kidney disease

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14
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

a condition where there are high levels of cholesterol in the blood

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15
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

a condition where there are abnormally high levels of lipids or fats in the blood

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16
Q

Tachycardia

A

a condition where the heart rate is faster than normal, usually over 100 beats per minute while resting

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17
Q

Bradycardia

A

abnormal slow heart beat

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18
Q

Fibrillation

A

heart beat is sporadic

19
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

disease of blood vessels to heart

20
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

heart unable to pump enough

21
Q

Epidemiology of CVD

A

leading cause of death in US and globally

22
Q

Purpose of cardiovascular system

A

transportation

23
Q

Heart structure

A

4 chambered pump, atria: upper chambers, ventricles: lower chambers, 4 valves: mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary, aortic

24
Q

Heart tissue

A

myocardium: thick cardiac muscle, chamber walls
endocardium: inner lining of heart, joins arteries and veins to heart for a close system
pericardium: double layered membrane enclosing the heart, holding it in place

25
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

exchange of O2 and CO2 between atmosphere and body, motored by the right side of the heart, low pressure

26
Q

Systemic circulation

A

all arteries, capillaries, and veins except pulmonary circulation ones, motored by left side of the heart, much higher pressure (moving blood great distances)

27
Q

Cardiac output

A

amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute

28
Q

Cardiovascular events

A

heart attack (myocardial infarction): blockage prevents blood flow to heart
stroke: blockage that prevents blood flow to brain, or bleeding vessels or blood clots

29
Q

Categories of blood lipid levels

A

LDL: bad, HDL: good

30
Q

CVD treatment

A

surgery, pharmacologic, pacemaker

31
Q

Public health approaches

A

risk reduction, health promotion, early identification, integrated programs

32
Q

blood pressure

A

force of the blood on artery walls , maintained by: contraction of L ventricle, peripheral vascular resistance, elasticity of arteries, viscosity

33
Q

pleural cavity

A

lungs encased by pleuras (one: lung surface, two: lining thoracic cavity), pleural cavity is fluid in between

34
Q

diffusion

A

process of moving o2 acquired during ventilation and co2 waste across alveolar capillary membranes

35
Q

ventilation

A

process of moving air in and out of trachea, bronchi and lungs

36
Q

respiration

A

process in which cells use o2 aerobically to make energy

37
Q

unique thing about respiratory processes

A

if ventilation cannot happen diffusion cannot and neither can the rest, remember the order (V, D, P, R)

38
Q

baroreceptors

A

located throughout blood vessels and heart, sense pressure changes in arteries, if ones blood pressure is low…. beta 1: increase cardiac output, alpha 1… induce vasoconstriction

39
Q

chemoreceptors

A

in aorta and carotid arteries, provide feedback to alter ventilation and vasoconstriction

40
Q

circulating enzymes

A

renin (kidneys), antidiuretic hormone (used to retain fluid - diabetes), epinephrine, norepinephrine, acetycholine

41
Q

ausculation

A

stethoscope

42
Q

EKG or ECG

A

electrical recording of heart action

43
Q

ultrasound - echocardiography

A

time motion recording of heart movement, via doppler

44
Q

exercise tolerance (stress test)

A

monitors EKG + blood pressure during exercise

45
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

measures o2 content and pressure in heart chambers

46
Q

chest radiograph

A

chest xray

PUBHLTH 370 Final (7 decks)

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