CVD

Question 1

Cardiovascular system

Answer 1

What: organ system that distributes blood to all parts of the body, function: transportation, includes: arteries, veins , capillaries, blood

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

Carries blood FROM heart to tissues

Question 2

Veins

Answer 2

Carries blood TO heart

Question 3

Capillaries

Answer 3

connecting links between arteries and veins

Question 4

Blood

Answer 4

delivers O2 and nutrients to tissues and receives CO2 and waste from tissues

Question 5

Perfusion

Answer 5

supplying o2 blood to lungs and organ systems via blood vessels, need it to happen to get blood and o2

Question 6

Cardiac conduction

Answer 6

electrical signaling required for the heart to pump, conduction of impulses fueled by: the passage of ions - sodium, calcium and potassium along cell membranes

Question 7

Stroke volume

Answer 7

amount of blood pumped out of one ventricle in one single beat

Question 8

Heart rate

Answer 8

the number of heart beats that occur in one minute

Question 9

Systolic blood pressure

Answer 9

pressure in your blood vessels when heart contracts and pumps blood

Question 10

Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 10

the pressure in your arteries when your heart is resting between beats

Question 11

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 11

thickening and hardening of walls

Question 12

Atherosclerosis

Answer 12

thickening and narrowing of walls due to plaque build up

Question 13

Hypertension

Answer 13

sustained and excessive BP, major risk factor for heart disease, stroke and kidney disease

Question 14

Hypercholesterolemia

Answer 14

a condition where there are high levels of cholesterol in the blood

Question 15

Hyperlipidemia

Answer 15

a condition where there are abnormally high levels of lipids or fats in the blood

Question 16

Tachycardia

Answer 16

a condition where the heart rate is faster than normal, usually over 100 beats per minute while resting

Question 17

Bradycardia

Answer 17

abnormal slow heart beat

Question 18

Fibrillation

Answer 18

heart beat is sporadic

Question 19

Coronary artery disease

Answer 19

disease of blood vessels to heart

Question 20

Congestive heart failure

Answer 20

heart unable to pump enough

Question 21

Epidemiology of CVD

Answer 21

leading cause of death in US and globally

Question 22

Purpose of cardiovascular system

Answer 22

transportation

Question 23

Heart structure

Answer 23

4 chambered pump, atria: upper chambers, ventricles: lower chambers, 4 valves: mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary, aortic

Question 24

Heart tissue

Answer 24

myocardium: thick cardiac muscle, chamber walls endocardium: inner lining of heart, joins arteries and veins to heart for a close system pericardium: double layered membrane enclosing the heart, holding it in place

Question 25

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 25

exchange of O2 and CO2 between atmosphere and body, motored by the right side of the heart, low pressure

Question 26

Systemic circulation

Answer 26

all arteries, capillaries, and veins except pulmonary circulation ones, motored by left side of the heart, much higher pressure (moving blood great distances)

Question 27

Cardiac output

Answer 27

amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute

Question 28

Cardiovascular events

Answer 28

heart attack (myocardial infarction): blockage prevents blood flow to heart stroke: blockage that prevents blood flow to brain, or bleeding vessels or blood clots

Question 29

Categories of blood lipid levels

Answer 29

LDL: bad, HDL: good

Question 30

CVD treatment

Answer 30

surgery, pharmacologic, pacemaker

Question 31

Public health approaches

Answer 31

risk reduction, health promotion, early identification, integrated programs

Question 32

blood pressure

Answer 32

force of the blood on artery walls , maintained by: contraction of L ventricle, peripheral vascular resistance, elasticity of arteries, viscosity

Question 33

pleural cavity

Answer 33

lungs encased by pleuras (one: lung surface, two: lining thoracic cavity), pleural cavity is fluid in between

Question 34

diffusion

Answer 34

process of moving o2 acquired during ventilation and co2 waste across alveolar capillary membranes

Question 35

ventilation

Answer 35

process of moving air in and out of trachea, bronchi and lungs

Question 36

respiration

Answer 36

process in which cells use o2 aerobically to make energy

Question 37

unique thing about respiratory processes

Answer 37

if ventilation cannot happen diffusion cannot and neither can the rest, remember the order (V, D, P, R)

Question 38

baroreceptors

Answer 38

located throughout blood vessels and heart, sense pressure changes in arteries, if ones blood pressure is low.... beta 1: increase cardiac output, alpha 1... induce vasoconstriction

Question 39

chemoreceptors

Answer 39

in aorta and carotid arteries, provide feedback to alter ventilation and vasoconstriction

Question 40

circulating enzymes

Answer 40

renin (kidneys), antidiuretic hormone (used to retain fluid - diabetes), epinephrine, norepinephrine, acetycholine

Question 41

ausculation

Answer 41

stethoscope

Question 42

EKG or ECG

Answer 42

electrical recording of heart action

Question 43

ultrasound - echocardiography

Answer 43

time motion recording of heart movement, via doppler

Question 44

exercise tolerance (stress test)

Answer 44

monitors EKG + blood pressure during exercise

Question 45

cardiac catheterization

Answer 45

measures o2 content and pressure in heart chambers

Question 46

chest radiograph

Answer 46

chest xray