HIV

Question 1

When/where was HIV/AIDS discovered?

Answer 1

Chimpanzees in Cameroon, 2006

Question 2

What kind of virus is HIV

Answer 2

Reterovirus (attacks T cells)

Question 3

How is genetic information is stored (HIV)

Answer 3

Stored as RNA and then DNA is created through host cell machinery

Question 4

What does HIV look like

Answer 4

Spherical - external: lipid bilayer, internal: protein core and the core contains: RNA, reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease

Question 5

Has the death rate increased or decreased

Answer 5

Decreased

Question 6

T or F: the incidence of HIV has slowed

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Greatest burden

Answer 7

Young men, black, gay, latino, bisexual, those in southern US

Question 8

Are there more or less people living with the disease?

Answer 8

More

Question 9

Signs and symptoms

Answer 9

Fever like

Question 10

Clinical stage

Answer 10

Stage where virus is present but there are no symptoms

Question 11

Infection stage

Answer 11

Flu like symptoms present

Question 12

Vaccines dont work because…

Answer 12

HIV rapidly mutates and is highly variable

Question 13

Testing - Elisa

Answer 13

Testing for antibodies in the blood, but can have false results

Question 14

Testing - western blots

Answer 14

Look for specific proteins

Question 15

Viral load testing

Answer 15

Looks for viral load of HIV

Question 16

Transmission

Answer 16

100% preventable with proper precautions - spreads through bodily fluids (sex, blood, mother 2 child)

Question 17

Prevention

Answer 17

Abstaining from sexual intercourse, PreP

Question 18

Treatment -ART

Answer 18

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors, so they block the RNA from becoming DNA (ex: AZT)

Question 19

Treatment - protease inhibitors

Answer 19

Interfere with the viral assembly process so the virus load is reduced, thus cannot attack other cells

Question 20

PreP

Answer 20

Taken before intercourse for those at risk

Question 21

Life cycle step one

Answer 21

HIV attached to the host CD4 cell

Question 22

Life cycle step two

Answer 22

DNA is made from HIV’s RNA via reverse transcriptase

Question 23

Life cycle step three

Answer 23

HIV DNA goes to the nucleus of the cell attacked and integrates with human DNA (now all HIV and cell proteins and DNA will be copied together)

Question 24

Life cycle step four

Answer 24

Using protease, viral proteins form new particles, leave the cell and then infect others

Question 25

Life cycle main points

Answer 25

Integrase and protease kill CD4 cells, viral load decreases CD4 count thats why low CD4 cell count indicates HIV