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Psychology > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the seven groups of different personality definitions?

A
  1. Bio-physical
  2. Bio-social
  3. Omnibus
  4. Integrative
  5. Adjustment
  6. Uniqueness
  7. Essence of person
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2
Q

“Personality is the stable set of characteristics [traits] and tendencies [motivations] that determine differences and commonalities in the behavior of people… that have continuity in time and may not be understood by biological or social pressures of the moment.”

Who came up with this personality definition?

A

Salvatore Maddi

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3
Q

Define the seven categories of personality:

A
  1. Bio-physical: direct and indirect biological influence on behavior/personality
  2. Bio-social: your personality is a result of your social interactions/groups
  3. Omnibus: consistency/shared human traits
  4. Integrative: your personality is a result of how you perceive the world
  5. Adjustment: evolution gives you your personality traits
  6. Uniqueness: the personality traits that distinguish us from others
  7. Essence of person: core traits in an individual
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4
Q

Freud

Core structures:
Core tendency:

A

Core structures: id, ego, superego

Core tendency: libido

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5
Q

Jung

Core structures:
Core tendency:

A

Core structures: ego, personal unconscious, and collective unconscious
Core tendency: self-actualization

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6
Q

Adler

Core structures:
Core tendency:

A

Core structures: feelings of inferiority

Core tendency: striving for superiority

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7
Q

Horney

Core structures:
Core tendency:

A

Core structures: basic anxiety

Core tendency: overcome basic anxiety

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8
Q

Sullivan

Core structures:
Core tendency:

A

Core structures: 2 basic goals–satisfaction and security

Core tendency: frustration causes anxiety; motivation reduces anxiety

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9
Q

Fromm

Core structures:
Core tendency:

A

Core structures: 2 basic needs–freedom/autonomy; connectedness
Core tendency: “escape freedom”

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10
Q

Hull

Core structures:
Core tendency:

A

Core structures: habit

Core tendency: drive

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11
Q

Rotter

Core structures:
Core tendency:

A

Core structures: expectancy; reinforcer value

Core tendency: pursuit of R+

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12
Q

Bandura

Core structures:
Core tendency:

A

Core structures: none

Core tendency: hedonism

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13
Q

Rogers

Core structures:
Core tendency:

A

Core structures: self; need for positive regard

Core tendency: self-actualization

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14
Q

Maslow

Core structures:
Core tendency:

A

Core structures: hierarchy of needs

Core tendency: satisfaction of 5 basic needs

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15
Q

Kelly

Core structures:
Core tendency:

A

Core structures: hierarchy of constructs

Core tendency: truth-seeking (“to predict and control”)

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16
Q

What is the id? Who came up with this term?

A

It wants what it wants (childish personality)

Freud

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17
Q

What is the ego? Who came up with this term?

A

Recognizes the consequences of our actions (adult personality)

Freud

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18
Q

What is the superego? Who came up with this term?

A

The ego uses this to determine what the id should find acceptable or unacceptable

Freud

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19
Q

Who came up with the “extroversion/introversion,” “thinking/feeling,” “sensing/intuiting” personality types?

A

Jung

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20
Q

How many personality types are there, according to Jung?

A
  1. Extroversion-thinking
  2. Extroversion-feeling
  3. Extroversion-sensing
  4. Extroversion-intuitive
  5. Introversion-thinking
  6. Introversion-feeling
  7. Introversion-sensing
  8. Introversion-intuitive
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21
Q

Who came up with the birth order (oldest child, middle child, youngest child)?

A

Adler

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22
Q

There are three “neurotic styles”: moving towards (other people), moving away from (other people), and moving against (other people). Who came up with this?

A

Horney

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23
Q

Who came up with the personifications of others and self?

A

Sullivan

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24
Q

According to _____, there are three stages of societal development:

  1. Feudal societies
  2. Renaissance
  3. Rise of capitalism
A

Fromm

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25
Q

In an old theory of personality types, there are the authoritarian, destructive, and conformist personality types.

Meanwhile, in the new theory, there are five types: receptive, marketing, exploitative, hoarding, and productive.

Who came up with these theories?

A

Fromm

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26
Q

Who came up with the psycho-social stages? What are they?

A

Erikson

  1. oral-sensory
  2. muscular-anal
  3. locomotor-genital
  4. latency
  5. adolescence
  6. early adulthood
  7. middle adulthood
  8. late adulthood
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27
Q

Who came up with the food pellet/rat model?

A

Hull

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28
Q

Who came up with the mediated/stimulus generalization theory?

A

Dolland and Miller

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29
Q

Who came up with the term “extinction”? What is it?

A

Skinner; used to enforce a punishment successfully

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30
Q

Who came up with the term “locus of control”?

A

Rotter

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31
Q

Who came up with the idea of “modeling”?

A

Bandura

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32
Q

This psychoanalyst described positive environment (“unconditional positive regard”) and negative environment (“conditions of worth”):

33
Q

According to one psychoanalyst, there is a hierarchy of five basic needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. Who came up with this?

34
Q

Who came up with the hierarchy of constructs?

35
Q

Eros and thanatos were two concepts from whom?

36
Q

The development of psycho-sexual stages (which included the erotic focuses, regressive behaviors, daily traits, and defense mechanisms) belonged to….

37
Q

Who came up with the terms “shaping” and “chaining”?

38
Q

Who thought that children had an Oedipal/Electra complex?

39
Q

Who thought that each person looked at the world in terms of opposite?

40
Q

Who came up with “anima/animus” and “shadow/persona”?

41
Q

Who came up with these four feelings of inferiority: organ inferiority, social inferiority, psychological inferiority, and universal inferiority?

42
Q

Who came up with striving for superiority, inferiority complex, and superiority complex?

43
Q

Who came up with the term “basic anxiety”?

44
Q

Who came up with the ideas of “good me, bad me”?

45
Q

Who came up with the five needs (rootedness, relatedness, transcendence, identity, and frame of reference)?

46
Q

Which two psychologists came up with scientific formulas?

A

Hull and Rotter

47
Q

Who came up with the term “freedom of movement”?

48
Q

Altruism model?

49
Q

“Peak” experiences are the type of situations a self-actualized person feels. Who came up with this idea?

50
Q

“Focus of convenience,” “range of convenience”

51
Q

Subordinate constructs vs. superordinate constructs

52
Q

These emotions (anxiety, threat, guilt, hostility, and aggression) are emphasized by whom?

53
Q

Mandala symbol

54
Q

Operant conditioning

55
Q

Defense mechanisms

56
Q

Erotic focuses

57
Q

Regressive behavior

58
Q

Intellectualization, reaction, and undoing

59
Q

Fixation

60
Q

Dreams (manifest content, latent content, dream symbol)

61
Q

Archetypes

62
Q

Myers Briggs Type Indicator

63
Q

Individual psychology

64
Q

Masculine protest

65
Q

Organ, social, psychological and universal inferiorities

66
Q

Style of life

67
Q

Birth order

68
Q

Fictional final goal

69
Q

Superiority and inferiority complex

70
Q

Penis envy

71
Q

Parental consistency

72
Q

Personifications

73
Q

Societal development:

  1. Feudal
  2. Renaissance
  3. Rise of capitalism
74
Q

Theory of learning

75
Q

P(8) = f(E and RV)

76
Q

Reinforcement value

77
Q

Internals/externals

78
Q

Radical behaviorism

Psychology (21 decks)

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