Maddi Scheme Flashcards
Freud
Core Structure: Core Tendency: Development: Personality Type: Traits:
Core Structure: Id, ego, superego
Core Tendency:
- Libido: natural energy and the pursuit of pleasure
- Eros: direction towards pleasure
- Thanatos: direction towards self-destruction
Development:
- Oral (0-1.5 years); delay of gratification
- Anal (1.5-3 years); accepting discipline
- Phallic (3-5 years); accepting social norms
- Latent (5-12 years); resolution of Oedipal/Electra complex
- Genital (12+ years); adult sex roles
Personality Type:
- Oral
- Anal
- Phallic
Traits:
- Oral: Consume/self-deny; optimism/pessimism; gullible/suspicious; passive/manipulative – displacement, fantasy, projection
- Anal: generous/stingy; stubborn/compliant; expulsive/retentive; orderly/messy – intellectualization, reaction formation, undoing
- Phallic: plain/stylish; vanity/self-hatred; humility/pride; independence/dependence; chaste/promiscuous – repression
Jung
Core Structure: Core Tendency: Development: Personality Type: Traits:
Core Structure: ego, collective unconscious, personal unconscious
Core Tendency: self-actualization
Development:
- No developmental stages
Personality Type:
- Thinking/feeling
- Extraversion/introversion
- Sensing/intuiting
Traits: E-Th: objective, dogmatic E-F: intense, sociable E-S: realistic, sensual E-In: changeable, visionary I-Th: theoretical, intellectual I-F: silent, indifferent I-S: passive, calm I-In: dreamers, mystic
Adler
Core Structure: Core Tendency: Development: Personality Type: Traits:
Core Structure: -feelings of inferiority
- Organ inferiority
- Social inferiority
- Physiological inferiority
- Universal inferiority
Core Tendency: striving for superiority
- “Masculine protest”
Development:
- Parental behavior will determine whether striving is adaptive or maladaptive
- Overindulging, spoiling, and negligence will result to maladaptive development
Personality Type: Infinite number of types; correlates to style of life
Traits: Traits respond to ways of corresponding for inferiorities
Sullivan
Core Structure: Core Tendency: Development: Personality Type: Traits:
Core Structure: satisfaction and security
Core Tendency: frustration causes anxiety; motivation reduces anxiety
Development: Important epochs:
- Middle childhood
- Adolescence
Personality Type: none
Traits: Each trait arises from a personification
Fromm
Core Structure: Core Tendency: Development: Personality Type: Traits:
Core Structure: connectedness; freedom and autonomy
Core Tendency: escape freedom to restore balance in needs
Development: Only developmental society in stages-- - Feudal - Renaissance - Rise of capitalism
Personality Type: Original three-- - Authoritative - Destructive - Conformist
New five–
- Receptive
- Exploitative
- Marketing
- Hoarding
- Productive
Traits: taken from the first three personality types and the newer five personality types
Horney
Core Structure: Core Tendency: Development: Personality Type: Traits:
Core Structure: basic anxiety
Core Tendency: overcome basic anxiety
Development:
- Parental behavior is important
- Parental inconsistency raises basic anxiety
Personality Type: Neurotic styles-- - Moving towards - Moving away - Moving against
Traits:
- Clinginess
- Independence
- Exploits
Erikson
Core Structure: Core Tendency: Development: Personality Type: Traits:
Core Structure: none
Core Tendency: none
Development: 8 psycho-social stages-- - Oral sensory - Muscular-anal - Locomotor-genital - Latency - Adolescence - Early adulthood - Middle adulthood - Late adulthood
Personality Type:
- 256 personality types
- Traits come from true life
Traits:
- Each trait is determined by stage development
- Positive or negative trait is acquired in each stage of development
Rotter
Core Structure: Core Tendency: Development: Personality Type: Traits:
Core Structure: expectancy and reinforcer value
Core Tendency: pursuit of reinforcement in life
Development: Early successes or failures influence locus of control beliefs
Personality Type:
- needs
- need value
- freedom of movement
- locus of control
Traits:
- p(8) = f (E and Rv)
- not deterministic; because they are within your control
Bandura
Core Structure: Core Tendency: Development: Personality Type: Traits:
Core Structure: none
Core Tendency: maximize pleasure; hedonism
Development: observational learning
Personality Type:
- two different models (who you choose to model after)
- infinite models; no two people will be exactly alike
Traits:
- consequences learned from a model who was reinforced for that trait
Rogers
Core Structure: Core Tendency: Development: Personality Type: Traits:
Core Structure: self; need for positive regard
Core Tendency: self-actualization
Development:
- towards defense functioning
- towards self actualization
Personality Type:
- infinity; self-actualization
Traits:
- expression of true (real) talents; challenged by life, excited, etc.
Maslow
Core Structure: Core Tendency: Development: Personality Type: Traits:
Core Structure: hierarchy of needs
Core Tendency: satisfaction of these five needs
Development:
- “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny”
- development of a single person; you will see the summary of the development of the entire species
Personality Type:
- infinite amount of personality
- perfection type: is the self actualized person
Traits:
- determined largely by your current need state
Kelly
Core Structure: Core Tendency: Development: Personality Type: Traits:
Core Structure: hierarchy of constructs
Core Tendency: truth seeking (“to predict and control”)
Development:
- constant process of adding/changing/rejecting constructs
Personality Type:
- infinite personality types
- numerous types of constructs
Traits:
- each behavior is caused by a construct
- master of your own fate
