Kelly

Question 1

What did Kelly believe?

Answer 1

He believed that all people are scientists because we all use hypotheses in our day-to-day lives

Ex: you are supposed to meet up with someone. Person doesn’t show up. You form hypothesis that person is late because of traffic or had a family emergency

Question 2

What is Kelly’s core tendency?

Answer 2

Truth-seeking

Question 3

What is Kelly’s theory called?

Answer 3

Constructive Alternativism or “Personal Construct Theory”

Question 4

What does Constructive Alternativism state?

Answer 4

We all construct the world differently

Question 5

What did Kelly believe about humans?

Answer 5

He believed that they are governed by their own internal process–the way they construe events in their worlds–that results from consequences of an external factor–social relations. He declared humans to be basically future-oriented, determined largely by their predictions of future events.

Question 6

What are constructs?

Answer 6

Ways of construing events or “seeing the world” so that the future is anticipated

Question 7

What, in Kelly’s terms, is personality?

Answer 7

It consists of an organized system of constructs that may be ranked as to importance

Question 8

“Construct” became the foundation on which Kelly built his most basic theoretical framework or _____, a basic assumption that is the starting point for a theory.

Answer 8

Postulate

Question 9

What is fundamental postulate?

Answer 9

It is the assumption that a person’s psychological processes are routed through various channels, or pathways, by the ways in which she or he anticipates events.

In a sense, ways of “seeing the world” form the channels that are direct toward the future.

Question 10

The person is _____ along through life by predictions, as opposed to being _____ by unconscious impulses and drives or pricked into action by stimuli in the environment.

Answer 10

Pulled; pushed

Question 11

What is a construction system?

Answer 11

An organization of many constructs with the more important, and often more abstract, at the top and the less important constructs at the bottom.

Question 12

The constructs at the top of the construction system are called _____.

Answer 12

Superordinate

Question 13

The constructs at the bottom of the construction system are called ______.

Answer 13

Subordinate

Question 14

Constructs have what?

Answer 14

Two opposite poles

Ex: female-male, creative-non-creative, smart-dumb, rich-poor, etc.

Question 15

The ______ ______ of the construct is the primary and principle end, like “good” in “good-bad” and “intelligent” in “intelligent-stupid.”

Answer 15

Emergent pole

Question 16

The _______ ______ of the construct is the contrasting end, like “uneducated” in “educated-uneducated” and “not admired” in “admired-not admired.”

Answer 16

Implicit pole

Question 17

How is Kelly similar to Jung?

Answer 17

He believed people see the world in terms of opposites.

Question 18

What is the range of convenience?

Answer 18

The extent and breadth of the event-category to which a construct applies.

Ex: Trust-distruct is applicable to events involving people, such as someone who has conflict with his professor and experiences many events involving many different people, in which trust-distrust may be said to have a wide range of convenience

Question 19

What is range of focus?

Answer 19

Refers to the events to which it is most readily applied.

Ex: Trust-distrust is most applicable to relations with friends and family, rather than to relations with casual acquaintances.

Question 20

What does impermeable mean?

Answer 20

A reference to certain constructs that tend not to change in terms of range of convenience or place in the construction system.

Question 21

What does commonality mean?

Answer 21

A reference to the sharing of constructs by two or more people whose experiences are similar.

Question 22

What is individuality?

Answer 22

Refers to the differences among construction systems both in terms of the constructs comprising the system and in terms of how the constructs are organized.

Question 23

Anxiety?

Answer 23

What a person experiences when his or her construction system does not apply to critical events.

Question 24

Fear?

Answer 24

The experience one has when a new construct appears to be entering the system, and may become dominant.

Question 25

Threat?

Answer 25

A realization of the possibility that a person’s entire construction system will be overhauled.

Question 26

Guilt?

Answer 26

Will occur if your behavior does not correlate with your construction of self

Question 27

Hostility?

Answer 27

When you have an inadequate construct of self that you try to force onto others

Ex: religious members clashing with CSULB students

Question 28

Aggression?

Answer 28

An aggressive way of forcing your construct onto others

Ex: Trump supporters fighting with non-Trump supporters

Question 29

How is the term constructive alternativism defined?

Answer 29

The assumption that a person’s present interpretations of her or his life situation are subject to revision and replacement.

Question 30

True or false: construction systems never change

Answer 30

False. It cannot remain the same; it has to change with changes in the person’s life

Question 31

What are tight constructs?

Answer 31

They yield unvarying predictability

Question 32

What are loose constructs?

Answer 32

They yield varying predictability

Question 33

What are the four different types of corollaries?

Answer 33

Individual, range, organizational, and experience corollaries

Question 34

Individual corollary:

Answer 34

People differ in the types and number of constructs used.

Question 35

Range corollary:

Answer 35

Each construct has a range of convenience (situation that the construct is useful for)–wide vs. narrow

Ex: good-bad; liberal-conservative

Question 36

Organizational corollary:

Answer 36

Superordinate: wide range of convenience

Subordinate: focus of convenience

Question 37

Experience corollary:

Answer 37

If the construct/hypothesis doesn’t work, we hold onto it. If the construct/hypothesis does work, we reject it

It determines whether a construct is kept, discarded, or modified