Hull Flashcards
Which equation did Hull come up with?
Tr = f (D * H * I)
Tr: probability of behavior
D: drive
H: habit
I: incentive
What is Hull’s core structure?
Habit: an association between a stimuli (place/situation) and a behavior
For there to be a stronger connection between them, there has to be a drive reduction
- Ex: Looking in the bathroom mirror will drive you to brush your teeth
What is Hull’s core tendency?
Drive
What are the two types of drive?
Primary (biological) and secondary (acquired)
What happens if either the primary or secondary drive is not satisfied?
It will create internal tension and will motivate us to do something. The removal of the negative feeling will create a reward.
What is the rat model that Hull came up with?
A food pellet is placed into the corner of a T-shaped container. A hungry rat has to find its way to the food pellet to eat.
First time: rat tries to find his way to food pellet
Second time: rat is a little more familiar with his surroundings
Third time: he finds his way to the pellet faster
Fourth time: runs directly to food pellet
Result: rat has acquired the habit of turning right (because of his search for the food pellet)
Hull believed that human behavior is a result of…
The constant interaction between environment and organism.
What, according to Hull, is observable? What isn’t?
The environment provides the stimuli and the organism responds, which is observable. However, the change or adaptation that the organism needs to make in order to survive is unobservable.
True or false: Hull believed that the drive directed behavior.
False. He believed that it energized behavior rather than direct it.
According to Hull, the drive reduction is the reinforcement, and recognized that organisms were motivated by other forces, which are known as ________ ________.
Secondary reinforcements
When an S-R relationship is followed by a _____ of the need, the probability increases that in future similar situations the same stimulus will create the same response.
Reduction
Just as Hull believed that there were secondary drives, he also believed that there were secondary reinforcements. How are secondary reinforcements formed?
“If the intensity of the stimulus is reduced as the result of a secondary or learned drive, it will act as a secondary reinforcement.”
The way to strengthen the S-R response is to…
Increase the number of reinforcements, habit strength
Hull’s Theory of Learning
Theory of learning that equates reinforcement with drive reduction. In other words, for learning to take place, the organism must engage in any activity that leads to the elimination or reduction of a need.
Habit family hierarchy
Group of responses elicited by a single stimulus that are arranged in accordance with their probability of occurrence.
