review Flashcards
Diaphragm openings:
T8
IVC
T10
Esophageal
Vagal trunks
T12
Aortic hiatus
thoracic duct
azygos vein
FRC is
RV + ERV
Inspiratory capacity
TV + IRV
Not measured by Spirometery
RV and TLC
How high up does the diaphragm rise?
as high as 4th intercostal space
What region in the thorax is most likely to collect excess fluid?
costodiaphragmatic recess
Where is thoracentesis typically begun?
middle of intercostal space also top of rib
If Lungs (usually of a baby) have taken in air they will ___ in water; if they have not (stillborn) or if they have inhaled water during drowing they will _____
Float
Sink
Right lung has which grooves?
SC and Arch of the azygos
Right hilum bronchus, pulm artery, pulm veins
bronchus is sup post
pulm arteries middle
pulm veins ant inf
Left lung grooves
Cardiac impression
Arch of the aorta (and subclavian)
inhaled stuff goes to
right inferior lobar brnchus (lower mid lobes)
Do visceral pleura and lungs have nerves?
NAW
Where is parietal pleura pain referred to?
neck and shoulder
Hiccups are involuntary spasmodic contractions of the ________ muscle
diaphragm
Pulmonary emboli auscultation reveal
normal to slightly diminished breathing sounds
common tumors that mets to lung
salivary gland
thyroid
Ovarian
prostate
breast bladder uterine colon kidney
SgTOP B BUCK
Carbonic Anhydrase does what to CO2?
combines it with H20 on the RBC to H2CO3
where does the trachea branch?
T4-T5
When does the esophagus enter the superior mediastinum?
between the trachea and vertebral column
Inferior to the aortic arch where does the esophagus lie?
just behind the left atrium, angles to the left and CROSSES ANTERIOR TO THE DESCENDING AORTA, passes through the diaphragm at
T10
Layers of the pericardium
Fibrous and
Serous (parietal and visceral)
The left recurrent laryngeal runs under/over arch of the aorta?
under
Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve come off?
T1
Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve come off?
T4-T5
Normal PA Pressure
MAP normally 10-14
parasympathetic/sympathetic arise from the right and left vagus?
parasympathetic
parasympathetic/sympathetic arise from the right and left sympathetic chain ganglion?
sympathetic
Which visceral motor nerves within the lateral horn of SC synapse with the prevertebral ganglia on their way to innervate abdominal organs
Greater thoracic Splanchnic (T5-T9, seen in lab)
Lesser thoracic splanchnic (T10-T11)
Least Thoracic splanch (T12)
Where in lungs is blood flow greatest?
lower lobes (Zone 3)
Thoracentesis performed for aspiration of fluid in the pleural cavity performed posterior to the midaxillary line not below the _____ intercostals?
9th (between 8-10)
Embryonic origin for type 1 pneumocytes?
endoderm
Embryonic origin for simple, squamous epithelium (endothelium) lining of pulmonary capillaries is?
visceral mesoderm
The descending aorta can be found in two places. where?
superior mediastinum
posterior mediastinum
The superior mediastinum contains the
trachea
arch of the aorta
middle mediastinum contains the
ascending aorta
arch of the azygos
main bronchi
phrenic nerve runs through here
Three components of the blood-air barrier
Type 1 pneumocytes
Endothelial cells
Fused basal laminae
Where is V/Q ratio the highest?
apex of the lung (highest ventilation, low perfusion)
