Review Flashcards
1
Q
what do you use to prescribe single meds
A
dd1289
2
Q
what is the poly script
A
navmed 6710/6
3
Q
should you use RX short hand
A
no
4
Q
what is pharmacokinetic
A
movement of the drug after it enters the body
5
Q
what does active absorption mean
A
using atp to move drug accross the membrane
6
Q
what is pharmacodymanics?
A
interactions of the effects within the body
7
Q
what is physical dependence
A
compulsion to use due to withdrawal
8
Q
agonist
A
drug that binds to a receptor to make a therapeutic response
9
Q
antagonist
A
binds to a receptor stronger than the agonist blocking it (naloxone)
10
Q
additive drug reaction
A
multiple drugs combining producing an effect equal to the sum
11
Q
synergistic reaction
A
greater than the sum (potassium and PCN)
12
Q
does gender have an effect on drug effect
A
yes
13
Q
1 cc is equal to ?
A
1 ml
14
Q
how many mcg are in a mg
A
1000
15
Q
oral routes of meds
A
oral
bucal
sublingual
ng
16
Q
what is parenteral
A
drug entering the body not through the GI tract
17
Q
fastest way to give meds
A
IV
18
Q
what class does sedatives and hypnotics have
A
barbiturates’
19
Q
whats an example of a barbiturate
A
phenobarbital
20
Q
anti anx meds are
A
Nonbenzos
benzos
21
Q
examples of benzos
A
diazepam
lorazepam
22
Q
how do benzos work
A
bind to specific benzo receptors in GABA receptor complex enhancing binding of inhibitory neurotransmiter
23
Q
how do nonbenzos work?
A
Act on dopamine and serotonin receptors
24
Q
what is the go to for anti depresso meds
A
SSRI
SNRI
25
how do SSRI and SNRIs work?
Increase serotonin by inhibiting neuronal uptake to CNS
26
how long does it take for SSRIs to take effect
4-6 weeks
27
SNRI examples
Venlafaxine, Duloxetine
28
SSRI examples
1) Citalopram: Celexa
2) Fluoxetine: Prozac
3) Sertraline: Zoloft
4) Paroxetine: Paxil
29
how do anti psychotics work?
Block dopamine receptors in the brain
30
example of 1st gen antipsyco
Haloperidol
31
how to anticonvulsants work?
Reduction of excitability of the neurons of the brain
32
examples of anti convulsant
Diazepam, Phenytoin, Midazolam
33
examples of antiemetics
Ondansetron, Promethazine, Phenothiazines
34
Antivertigo meds
Benzodiazepines:
Diphenhydramine:
Meclizine
35
local anesthesia works by
inhibiting transport of ions across neuronal membranes
36
What effect does ketamine have on pain
dissociated from the surroundings and pain
37
do not use consious sedation and analgesia on people who have
Known or suspected
| schizophrenia
38
If giving Ketamine IM for pain control
give 20-40 mg IM
39
ex of local anesthesia
Lidocaine:
| bupivacaine
40
classes of analgesics
(a) Salicylate
(b) Non-salicylate
(c) Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)
(d) Urinary Analgesics
41
ex of salicylate
asprin
42
why wouldnt you give aspin to children
ray syndrome
43
use of nonsalicylate
(a) Relieve mild to moderate pain
(b) Reduce body temperature (antipyretic)
(c) Arthritis
44
Nsaids
| COX-1 & COX-2 are resp for
prostaglandin
| synthesis
45
ex of nsaids
```
ketorolac
ibuprophen
Naproxen:
Celecoxib
Meloxicam
Indomethacin:
```
46
ex of urinary anegesic
phenzopyridine
47
Pyridium is known to turn the patient's urine
a reddish-orange color that can
| stain undergarments
48
The result of opioids is to
alteration to
| the perception of and response to pain
49
contraindication to opioids
Head injury or increased ICP
Hypoxia
Hepatic impairment
Hypersensitive to opioids or naloxone
50
Examples of opioid agonists
```
Hydromorphone:
Methadone:
Morphine sulfate
Oxycodone:
Hydrocodone:
Codeine:
```
51
the Narcotic Antagonist is what
naloxone
52
Highest of histamines are amount found in
basophils
| (WBC) and mast cells
53
H¹ - antihistamines where
in mast cells
| smooth muscle, and endothelium in the body as well as in the in the brain
54
2nd Generation Antihistamines
1) Cetirizine HCL: Zyrtec
2) Fexofenadine: Allegra
3) Loratadine: Claritin
55
1st Generation Antihistamines
1) Diphenhydramine:
2) Hydroxyzine:
3) Promethazine:
56
examples of decongestants
Oxymetazoline HCL
Pseudoephedrine
Phenylephrine
57
Oxymetazoline HCL: Notorious for causing rebound congestion when used for more than______
3 days consecutively
58
ex. Beta² Agonists
Albuterol sulfate
| Levalbuterol HCL
59
Beta² Agonists is it gonna be less affective if the pt is taking what?
beta blocker
60
contraindication for albuterol
Cardiac arrhythmias,
61
ex of muscarinic
Ipratropium:
Tiotropium:
62
Mast Cell Stabilizer what do?
Inhibit the release of substances that cause
| bronchoconstriction and inflammation from the mast cells in the respiratory tract
63
what is the action for Inhaled Corticosteroids
Decrease inflammatory process in the airway through inhibiting multiple
different inflammatory cytokines
64
ex of Inhaled Corticosteroids
Fluticasone
| Budesonide
65
Antitussives
| Central acting vs Peripheral acting
Central: Depresses cough center. medulla
Peripheral: Anesthetize stretch receptors
66
Examples anti tussive
Codeine sulfate
Benzonatate:
Dextromethorphan:
Diphenhydramine:
67
Mucolytic and Expectorants what do
Loosens and mobilize thick mucus from respiratory system
68
ex of Mucolytic:
Acetylcysteine:
69
ex of Expectorant:
Guaifenesin:
70
Cardiac arrhythmias what is
Abnormal electric current in the heart
71
Class 1 anti arrhythmic
```
Lidocaine...
-raises the threshold in the
ventricular myocardium
-Depresses myocardial excitability to electrical stimuli thus
decreasing the pulse rate
```
72
Class 2:
beta blockers
| block stimulation of the beta receptors
73
Class 3:
Amiodarone
| Blockade of Na or K channels
74
Class 4:
Verapamil
| blocks calcium channels used in production of muscle contraction and electrical conduction
75
?how do nitrates work
relaxes smooth muscle of blood vessels
76
ACE inhibitors do what and how
Lower blood pressure by dilating or increasing the size of the arterial blood
vessels.
inhibits the conversation of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
77
Ace inhibiters examples
Lisinopril
Captopril
Enalapril
Ramipril
78
CCB examples
Diltiazem:
Verapamil:
79
Beta² -
| adrenergic receptors are found mainly in
bronchial and vascular smooth muscle
| and the uterus
80
Beta¹ -
| adrenergic receptor sites are located chiefly in the
heart where stimulation
| results in increased heart rate, contractility, and AV conduction
81
contraindication for beta blockers
Sinus bradycardia
82
beta blockers example
Metoprolol
Propanolol:
Atenolol
83
Diuretics classes to pay attention to
Loop Diuretics
| Thiazide
84
Loop Diuretics example
Furosemide
85
Thiazide diuretics example
Hydrochlorothiazide
86
Hyperlipidemia
| HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors do what?
Inhibit an enzyme involved in
| cholesterol synthesis
87
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors example
| statins
Atorvastatin
| Simvastatin
88
Antacids work how
NEUTRILIZE or reduce the acidity of the stomach and duodenal contents by
combining with hydrochloric acid and producing salt and water
89
contraindication for antacids
Severe abdominal pain of unknown cause.
90
Histamine H² Antagonist does what
Inhibit the actions of histamine at histamine H² receptor cells of the stomach, which REDUCE the secretion of gastric acid.
91
ex. Histamine H² Antagonist
Famotidine:
| Cimetidine
92
Proton Pump Inhibitors work by
SUPRESS gastric acid secretion
........by blocking the final step in the production of gastric acid be the gastric mucosa
93
Proton Pump Inhibitors
| Examples:
```
Esomeprazole
Omeprazole
Pantoprazole
Rabeprazole
Lansoprazole
```
94
Antidiarrheal works how?
Decrease intestinal peristalsis, which is usually increased in a patient with
diarrhea
95
When can you not give an antidiarrheal
Diarrhea associated with organisms
| Abdominal pain of unknown origin
96
Antidiarrheal
| example
loperamide
97
Anti-flatulents
| how work?
Simethicone has a defoaming action that disperses and prevents the formation of mucus-surrounded gas pockets in the intestine
98
Laxatives action
| Bulk-producing
Not digested by the body, adds bulk. The added bulk in the intestines stimulates
peristalsis.
99
Laxatives action
| Emollient
Lubricate the intestinal walls and soften the stool
100
Laxatives Action:
| Hyperosmolar
Dehydrate local tissue causes irritation and increases peristalsis.
101
Laxatives Action:
| Irritant or stimulant
Increase peristalsis by direct action on the intestine
102
Laxatives Action:
| Saline
Attract or pull water into the intestine
103
Emollient:
| example
Mineral oil
104
Bulk-forming
| example
Psyllium Metamucil
Methylcellulose
Polycarbophil
Wheat dextrin
105
Hyperosmolar\
| example
Glycerin
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
Lactulose
Sorbitol
106
Irritant or stimulant
| example
Bisacodyl
| Senna:
107
Saline:
| example
Magnesium citrate
| Milk of magnesia
108
Excessive or prolonged use of Hemorrhoid agents may lead to.....
atrophy of the affected tissues
109
Excessive or prolonged use of Hemorrhoid agents may lead to.....
atrophy of the affected tissues
110
Oral Antidiabetics
| Sulfonylureas action
lower blood glucose by stimulating beta cells of pancreas to make more insulin.
111
Oral Antidiabetics
| Biguanides action
reduces hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat cell
112
Sulfonylureas
| Examples:
Glyburide
113
Examples:
| Biguanides
Metformin
114
Contraindication
| Oral Antidiabetics
- severe Infection
- Sulfonylureas are not recommended in patients who have allergy to sulfonamides
- can cause or exacerbate congestive heart failure (CHF) in some patients.
115
Estrogens
inhibitions of ovulation
116
Progestin
maturation of the ovarian
| follicle and ovulation.
117
Emergency Contraceptive is what
Levonorgestrel
118
oral BC
| Risks of thromboembolic disease is increased in females __ years or older that use ____
35, tobacco
119
SULFONAMIDES used to control
urinary tract infections caused by E coli, Staphylococcus aureus
120
SULFONAMIDES:
| examples
Silver Sulfadiazine
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
121
PENICILLINS
bactericidal or bacteriostatic
examples:
bactericidal
(a) PEN VK
(b) Amoxicillin: Amoxil
(c) Amoxicillin/Clavulanate:
122
CEPHALOSPORINES
bactericidal or bacteriostatic
examples:
bactericidal
| CEF drugs...
123
TETRACYCLINES
bactericidal or bacteriostatic
examples:
bacteriostatic
(a) Doxycycline
(b) Tetracycline
(c) Minocycline
124
TETRACYCLINES
| Adverse Reactions
Gastrointestinal upset, photosensitivity.
125
MACROLIDES
bactericidal or bacteriostatic
examples:
bacteriostatic
(a) Azithromycin: Zithromax
(b) Erythromycin (Alternate therapy and off label use for acne).
(c) Clarithromycin
(d) Teithromycin
126
Fluoroquinolones
bactericidal or bacteriostatic
examples:
bactericidal
(a) Ciprofloxacin: Cipro
(b) Levofloxacin: Levaquin
127
Fluoroquinolones serious adverse reactions that have occurred together including
,
tendinitis and tendon rupture
128
Aminoglycosides
bactericidal or bacteriostatic
examples:
bactericidal
(a) Gentamicin
(b) Neomycin
129
Aminoglycosides
| Adverse Reactions:
(a) Nephrotoxicity
(b) Ototoxicity
(c) Neurotoxicity
130
Carbapenems
bactericidal or bacteriostatic
examples:
bacteriostatic
(a) Imipenem: Primaxin
(b) Meropenem: Merrem
(c) Ertapenem: Invanz
131
```
use what class of antibotic for
Severe infections with drug resistant organisms, hospital acquired pneumonia, meningitis, intra-abdominal infections, prosthetic joint infection, necrotizing soft
tissue infections, and pyelonephritis
```
Carbapenems
132
Lincosamide
bactericidal or bacteriostatic
examples
Both
a) Clindamycin
b) Lincomycin
133
Lincosamide uses
Bacterial vaginosis
Toxic shock syndrome
Bite wound, prophylaxis or treatment, animal or human bite
134
Antivirals action
Most agents inhibit viral replication
135
Antivirals
| Examples:
(a) Acyclovir: Zovirax
(b) Vancyclovir: Valtrex
(c) Penciclovir (topical): Denavir
(d) Oseltamivir: Tamiflu
136
Adverse Reaction
Corticosteroid
big bad
Cushing's syndrome
| adrenal insufficiency If abrupt cessation of medication occurs
137
Corticosteroids
| examples
(a) Hydrocortisone: Solu-Cortef
(b) Prednisone
(c) Triamcinolone: Kenalog
(d) Methylprednisolone: Solu-Medrol
(e) Dexamethasone: Decadron
138
Antimigraine action
Acts on intracranial blood vessels and sensory nerves of the trigeminal system
139
Antimigraine
| Examples:
(a) Rizatriptan: Maxalt
| (b) Sumatriptan: Imitrex
140
Keratolytic used for?
warts
141
Keratolytic
| examples
(a) Podofilox 0.5% topical solution and gel: Condylox
| (b) Salicylic acid gel 17%: Compound-W
142
eye antiviral preparation Ganciclovir is used for?
Prevention of cytomegalovirus
143
is a lozenge an oral tab?
NO its a lozenge.....
144
Partial Nicotine Agonist?
Varenicline
145
overall resp for CSIB prog
CO
146
minimum of ___ safes are required for security of controlled substances
two
147
Prescriptions for controlled substances SHALL NOT be issued by an IDC while in their homeport, unless ____
an emergency situation exists and treatment will be delayed.
148
A person receiving a controlled substance will not normally be returned to duty for a period of?
of 8 hours
149
The board will perform inventories how often?
every 90 days
| within 30 days of any transaction
150
NAVMED 6710/22
coversheet
151
NAVMED 6710/23
audit
152
NAVMED 6710/5
perpetual inventory
153
form utilized during all destructions
DD 200
154
DEA form 106,
Report of Theft of Controlled Substances
155
Creatine Over use associated with ____
stroke
156
how do Barbiturates work
depress the sensory cortex, decrease motor activity, alter cerebellar function, and produce drowsiness, sedation, and hypnosis
157
In high doses, Barbiturates exhibit what?
anticonvulsant activity
