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Pharmacy > Antibacterial drugs > Flashcards

Antibacterial drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that slow or retard the multiplication of bacteria

A

Bacteriostatic

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2
Q

Drugs that kill bacteria.

A

Bactericidal

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3
Q

Allergy to drugs in the same or related group

A

Cross-sensitivity

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4
Q

Drugs effective against both gram negative (-), and gram positive (+) bacteria.

A

Broad Spectrum

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5
Q

Nonpathogenic microorganisms within or on the body.

A

Normal flora

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6
Q

An overgrowth of bacteria or fungal microorganisms not affected by the antibiotic being used for treatment.

A

Superinfection

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7
Q

The effectiveness of individual antibiotics depends on these factors

____________
____________
____________

A

(a) Location of the infection
(b) Ability of the antibiotic to reach the site of infection.
(c) Ability of the bacteria to resist or inactivate the antibiotic.

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8
Q

Primarily bacteriostatic caused by sulfonamide antagonism to paraaminobenzoic acid. Once the bacteria multiplication is slowed the body’ immune system is able to rid the bacteria.

  1. PENICILLINS
  2. CEPHALOSPORINES
  3. TETRACYCLINES
  4. SULFONAMIDES
A

SULFONAMIDES

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9
Q

Often used to control urinary tract infections caused by E coli, Staphylococcus aureus, including Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella Enterobacter. Silver sulfadiazine is topical and used to treat burns.

  1. PENICILLINS
  2. CEPHALOSPORINES
  3. TETRACYCLINES
  4. SULFONAMIDES
A

SULFONAMIDES

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10
Q

your patient has an allergy to sulfur can you administer a SULFONAMIDE

A

no

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11
Q

Examples of what class?

a) Silver Sulfadiazine: Silvadene (topical
(b) Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole: Bactrim

A

SULFONAMIDE

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12
Q

These drugs contain what chemical group?

1) Celecoxib
2) Glyburide
3) Furosemide
4) Acetazolamide

A

sulfonamide

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13
Q

Action.. what class?
Prevent bacteria from using a substance that is necessary for the maintenance of
the bacteria’s outer wall.

  1. PENICILLINS
  2. CEPHALOSPORINES
  3. TETRACYCLINES
  4. SULFONAMIDES
A

PENICILLINS

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14
Q

Uses of what class

(a) Septicemia
(b) Intra-abdominal infections
(c) Syphilis
(d) Pneumonia
(e) Cellulitis
(f) Otitis Media (Amoxicillian)
(g) Acute Sinusitis (Amoxicillian)
(h) Strep Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis

A

penicillin

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15
Q

Examples of what class?

(a) PEN VK
(b) Amoxicillin: Amoxil
(c) Amoxicillin/Clavulanate: Augmentin

A

Penicillin

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16
Q 
Action... what class?
Affect the bacterial cell wall, making it defective and unstable. This action is similar to the action of PCN
1. PENICILLINS
2. CEPHALOSPORINES
3. TETRACYCLINES
4. SULFONAMIDES
A

CEPHALOSPORINES

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17
Q

Use of what class?
Infections caused by streptococci, staphylococci, citrobacter, gonococci, Shigella, and clostridia.

  1. PENICILLINS
  2. CEPHALOSPORINES
  3. TETRACYCLINES
  4. SULFONAMIDES
A

CEPHALOSPORINES

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18
Q

What is the contraindication for CEPHALOSPORINES

A

Allergy to Cephalosporin or Penicillin (there is a 1% cross-reactivity rate of
individuals that are allergic to penicillins)

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19
Q

Examples of CEPHALOSPORINES

A

Cephalexin

or drugs that start with (cef) ir (ceph)

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20
Q

Action of what class?
Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, which is a process necessary for reproduction

  1. PENICILLINS
  2. CEPHALOSPORINES
  3. TETRACYCLINES
  4. SULFONAMIDES
A

TETRACYCLINES

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21
Q

Your patient has one or more of these issues/indications what class should you administer?
(a) Acne vulgaris
(b) Treatment of infections caused by Rickettsia (Rocky Mountain spotted fever,
typhus, and tick fever).
(c) Malaria prophylaxis
(d) Doxycycline for treatment of chlamydia trachomatis (sexually transmitted infection).

  1. PENICILLINS
  2. CEPHALOSPORINES
  3. TETRACYCLINES
  4. SULFONAMIDES
A

TETRACYCLINES

22
Q

What class can you use for some skin and soft tissue infections when PCN is contraindicated.

A

TETRACYCLINES

23
Q

TETRACYCLINES are what pregnancy class?

A

D

24
Q

TETRACYCLINES Not given to children younger than __ because the drug may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth

A

9

25
Q

Examples of what class?

(a) Doxycycline: Vibramycin
(b) Tetracycline
(c) Minocycline

A

TETRACYCLINES (cyclines)

26
Q

Action of what class?
Bind to cell membrane and cause changes in protein synthesis.

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. MACROLIDES
  3. TETRACYCLINES
  4. SULFONAMIDES
A

MACROLIDES

27
Q

Your patient has one or more of these issues/indications what class should you administer?

(a) Community acquired pneumonia
(b) Skin infections
(c) Otitis media (Alternate to Amoxicillin)
(d) Alternative to PCN for Strep throat.
(e) Mycoplasma pneumonia
(f) Chlamydia
(g) H. pylori- Clarithromycin in combination with amoxicillin and a PPI.

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. MACROLIDES
  3. TETRACYCLINES
  4. SULFONAMIDES
A

MACROLIDES

28
Q

Your patient has these issues can you administer a MACROLIDE
Preexisting liver disease
Chlamydia

A

no…. Preexisting liver disease is a contraindication

29
Q

Examples of what class?

(a) Azithromycin: Zithromax
(b) Erythromycin (Alternate therapy and off label use for acne).
(c) Clarithromycin
(d) Teithromycin

A

MACROLIDES (thromycin)

30
Q

______ is the 1st line therapy for chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin

31
Q

Action of what class?
Exert their bactericidal effect by interfering with an enzyme needed by bacteria for synthesis of DNA. This interference prevents cell reproduction, leading to death of the bacteria.

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. MACROLIDES
  3. TETRACYCLINES
  4. SULFONAMIDES
A

Fluoroquinolones

32
Q

Use of what class?

(a) Lower respiratory infections (Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis).
(b) Pneumonia
(c) Infections of the skin
(d) Urinary tract infection (UTI)
(e) Acute Pyelonephritis
(f) Intra-abdominal infections such diverticulitis.
(g) STD Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)- Not 1st line and off label use.
(h) Atypical pneumonia (mycoplasma and legionella).

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. MACROLIDES
  3. TETRACYCLINES
  4. SULFONAMIDES
A

Fluoroquinolones

33
Q

________have been associated with disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions that have occurred together, including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects.

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. MACROLIDES
  3. TETRACYCLINES
  4. SULFONAMIDES
A

Fluoroquinolones

34
Q

Your patient is 16 y/o with a history of

seizures, and heat arrhythmias. you are trying to treat Acute Pyelonephritis. Is Fluoroquinolones indicated?

A

no

under 18, hx of seizures, and heat arrhythmias are contraindications

35
Q

Examples of what class?

(a) Ciprofloxacin: Cipro
(b) Levofloxacin: Levaquin

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. MACROLIDES
  3. TETRACYCLINES
  4. SULFONAMIDES
A

Fluoroquinolones (floxacin)

36
Q

Action of what class?
Exert their bactericidal effect by blocking a step in protein synthesis necessary for multiplication. They disrupt the functional ability of the bacterial cell membrane, causing cell death.

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole
  3. Carbapenems
  4. Aminoglycosides
A

Aminoglycosides

37
Q

Use of what class?
Usually in a hospital setting
(a) Primarily Gram negative
(b) Bacterial meningitis in combination with penicillin or ampicillin.
(c) Intra-abdominal infection, usually as a combination.
(d) Complicated UTIs.

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole
  3. Carbapenems
  4. Aminoglycosides
A

Aminoglycosides

38
Q

Examples of what class?

(a) Gentamicin
(b) Neomycin

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole
  3. Carbapenems
  4. Aminoglycosides
A

Aminoglycosides

39
Q

Actions of what class?

a) Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) are enzymes that confer resistance to most beta-lactam antibiotics. Beta-lactamases are enzymes that open the beta lactam ring, inactivating the antibiotic.
(b) Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to several of the penicillin binding proteins, which in turn inhibit the final step in cell wall synthesis.

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole
  3. Carbapenems
  4. Aminoglycosides
A

Carbapenems

40
Q

Use of what class?
Severe infections with drug resistant organisms, hospital acquired pneumonia, meningitis, intra-abdominal infections, prosthetic joint infection, necrotizing soft tissue infections, and pyelonephritis.

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole
  3. Carbapenems
  4. Aminoglycosides
A

Carbapenems

41
Q

Your patient who has an HX of epilepsy and Renal impairment. They currently have a necrotizing soft tissue infection can you treat them with a Carbapenems Class antibacterial.

A

NO, pt

(a) Seizure disorder
(b) Stevens-Johnson syndrome
(c) Renal impairment
Contraindications for Carbapenems

42
Q

Examples of what class?

(a) Imipenem: Primaxin
(b) Meropenem: Merrem
(c) Ertapenem: Invanz

A

Carbapenems (ENEMS)

43
Q

Action of what Class?
Inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death in susceptible organisms

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole
  3. Carbapenems
  4. Aminoglycosides
A

Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole

44
Q

Uses of what class?
(a) Anaerobic bacterial infections (caused by Bacteroides spp. , including the B.
Fragilis group).
(b) Gynecologic infections: Bacterial Vaginosis, Trichomoniasis, including
treatment of asymptomatic sexual partners.
(c) Intra-abdominal Infections: Peritonitis, adjunct for diverticulitis, intraabdominal
abscess.
(d) Skin and skin structure infections (also caused by Clostridium spp.)
(e) Antiprotozoal therapies
1) Amebiasis: Treatment of acute intestinal amebiasis (amebic dysentery) and
extraintestinal amebiasis (liver abscess).
2) Giardiasis

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole
  3. Carbapenems
  4. Aminoglycosides
A

Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole

45
Q

Examples of what class
(a) Metronidazole, (Flagyl)
(b) Tinidazole,( has activity against amebiasis, giardiasis, and vaginal
trichomoniasis and may be better tolerated than metronidazole).
(c) Nimorazole
(d) Dimetridazole

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole
  3. Carbapenems
  4. Aminoglycosides
A

Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole (Azoles)

46
Q

You have a Pregnant patient in the first trimester with trichomoniasis can you administer Tinidazole(Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole)?

A

No, Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole are contraindicated during first 3 months of pregnancy.

47
Q

contraindication/Warning/Caution of what class?
(a) Hypersensitivity to metronidazole, Nitroimidazole derivatives, or any
component of the formulation.
(b) Pregnant patients (first trimester) with trichomoniasis.
(c) Use of disulfiram within the past 2 weeks.
(d) Use of alcohol or propylene glycol containing products during therapy or within 3 days of therapy discontinuation.

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole
  3. Carbapenems
  4. Aminoglycosides
A

Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole

48
Q

Action of what class?
(a) Disrupts protein synthesis and causes changes in the cell wall surface, which
decrease adherence of bacteria to host cells and increases intracellular killing of
organisms.
(b) Exerts an extended post-antibiotic effect against some strain of bacteria.
(c) Considered a bacteriostatic but bactericidal against some strains of
staphylococci, streptococci, and anaerobes such as Bacteroides fragilis

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. Lincosamide
  3. Carbapenems
  4. Aminoglycosides
A

Lincosamide

49
Q

Uses of what class?
a) Skin and soft tissue infections (cover MRSA).
(b) Purulent cellulitis or abscess (eg Peritonsilar abscess) dues to Staphylococcus
aureus (including MRSA) (alternative agent).
(c) Pharyngitis (alternative agent for penicillin -allergic patients).
(d) Toxic shock syndrome – toxin production suppression.
(e) Bacterial vaginosis (alternative agent) (off-label use).
(f) Bite wound, prophylaxis or treatment, animal or human bite (alternative agent)
(off-label use).
(g) Odontogenic infection (alternative agent for penicillin-allergic patients) (off
label use)
(h) Rhinosinusitis

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. Lincosamide
  3. Carbapenems
  4. Aminoglycosides
A

Lincosamide

50
Q

Examples of what class?

a) Clindamycin
b) Lincomycin

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. Lincosamide
  3. Carbapenems
  4. Aminoglycosides
A

Lincosamide

51
Q

Your patient has purulent cellulitis due to Staphylococcus aureus, but has a hypersensitivity to clindamycin, lincomycin are you able to administer a Lincosamide?

A

No, contraindicated

Pharmacy (30 decks)

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