drugs that affect the gastrointestinal system Flashcards
What Class action?
Neutralize or reduce the acidity of the stomach and duodenal contents by combining with hydrochloric acid and producing salt and water.
Antacids
You have a pt with one or more of these issues what class of drug should you administer?
(a) Heartburn
(b) Gastroesophageal reflux. Antacids do not prevent gastroesophageal reflux, their role is limited to intermittent (on-demand) use for relief of mild reflux.
(c) Sour stomach
(d) Acid indigestion
(e) Peptic ulcer
Antacids
Adverse reactions of what class?
(a) May have a laxative effect and produce diarrhea.
(b) Aluminum and calcium containing products tend to produce constipation.
(c) Aluminum containing antacids: Constipation, intestinal impaction, anorexia, weakness, tremors, and bone pain.
(d) Magnesium containing antacids: Severe diarrhea, dehydration, and
hypermagnesemia (nausea, vomiting, hypotension, decreased respirations).
(e) Calcium containing antacids: Rebound hyperacidity, metabolic alkalosis, hypercalcemia, vomiting, confusion, headache, renal calculi, and neurologic impairment.
(f) Sodium bicarbonate: Systemic alkalosis, rebound hypersecretion
Anti acids
You have a pt with one or more of these issues can you administer antacids?
(a) Severe abdominal pain of unknown cause.
(b) Sodium containing: Patients with cardiovascular problems such as hypertension or CHF.
(c) Calcium containing: Renal calculi or hypercalcemia.
Contraindicated
These Drugs are in what class?
(a) Aluminum hydroxide gel
(b) Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
(c) Calcium carbonate: Tums
(d) Calcium carbonate/magnesium hydroxide: Rolaids
(e) Sodium citrate/citric acid: Bicitra, Oracit
Antacids
What class of drug? Inhibit the actions of histamine at histamine H² receptor cells of the stomach, which then reduces the secretion of gastric acid.
Histamine H² Antagonist
You have a pt with one or more of these issues what class of drug should you administer?
(a) Treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
(b) Gastric hyper secretory conditions.
(c) Gastroesophageal reflux
(d) Prevention of stress related ulcers.
(e) Acute upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding.
Histamine H² Antagonist
Adverse effects of what class?
(a) Dizziness
(b) Somnolence
(c) Headache
(d) Confusion
(e) Hallucinations
(f) Diarrhea
(g) Impotence
Histamine H² Antagonist
Contraindication for Histamine H² Antagonist
hypersensitivity
These drugs are in what class?
(a) Cimetidine: Tagamet
(b) Famotidine: Pepcid
(c) Ranitidine: Zantac
Histamine H² Antagonist
The FDA in apr 2020 is requesting manufacturers to withdraw all prescription (including oral and injectable) and over-the-counter (OTC). What medication?
Ranitidine: Zantac
Action of what drug class?
Suppress gastric acid secretion by blocking the final step in the production of gastric acid be the gastric mucosa
Proton Pump Inhibitors
You have a pt with one or more of these issues what class of drug should you administer?
(a) Treatment of gastric or duodenal ulcers.
(b) Gastroesophageal reflux disease
(c) Pathological hypersecretory conditions
(d) Severe heartburn
(e) Erosive esophagitis
(f) Ulcers with Helicobacter pylori
(g) Recommendations for the treatment of GERD in pregnancy are available.
Proton Pump Inhibitors
These drugs are part of what class?
(a) Esomeprazole: Nexium.
(b) Omeprazole: Prilosec
(c) Pantoprazole: Protonix
(d) Rabeprazole: Aciphex
(e) Lansoprazole: Prevacid
Proton Pump Inhibitors (zole)
ontraindication/Warning/Caution what class?
-Hypersensitivity
-There is risk of osteoporosis resulting from high dose and chronic use of PPIs
due to a decrease in calcium absorption in the GI tract.
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Administer Proton Pump Inhibitors
__ to__ minutes before a meal; best if taken before breakfast. If administering twice daily, first dose should be administered ____ breakfast and the second dose ____ dinner.
30 to 60
Before
before
Action for what class ?
Decrease intestinal peristalsis, which is usually increased in a patient with
diarrhea.
Antidiarrheal
You have a patient with diarrhea what class of drug should you administer?
Antidiarrheal
Antidiarrheal Adverse Effects:
Minimal adverse reactions are associated with ______ use. Occasionally abdominal discomfort, pain and distention occur.
Loperamide
You have a pt with one or more of these issues should you administer
Antidiarrheal meds
(a) Diarrhea associated with organisms that can harm the intestinal mucosa
(Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella). Must rule out infectious cause.
(b) Pseudomembranous colitis (Clostridium difficile colitis)
(c) Abdominal pain of unknown origin.
(d) Obstructive jaundice
No
Loperamide is an example of what drug class
Antidiarrheal
Anti-flatulents class Actions \_\_\_\_\_\_has a defoaming action that disperses and prevents the formation of mucus-surrounded gas pockets in the intestine.
Simethicone
What class of drug should you administer. Painful symptoms from excess gas in the digestive tract.
Anti-flatulents
Simethicone
Are there any adverse reactions related to anti-flatulents
no
What is a contraindication to an Anti-flatulent
Hypersensitivity to simethicone or any component of the formulation
Simethicone is what class of drug?
Anti-flatulents
Use of what Class
(a) Short term relief or preventions of constipation.
(b) Certain stimulant, emollient, and saline laxatives are used to empty the colon for
rectal and bowel examinations.
Laxatives
Your patient has one or both of these issues can you give laxities?
(a) Persistent abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting of unknown cause.
(b) Signs of acute appendicitis, fecal impaction, intestinal obstruction or acute
hepatitis.
no
Action for what type of laxative?
Lubricate the intestinal walls and soften the stool, enhancing passage of fecal material.
- Bulk-producing
- Emollient
- Fecal softeners
- Hyperosmolar
- Irritant or stimulant
- Saline
Emollient
Action for what type of laxative?
Not digested by the body and therefore adds bulk and water to the contents of the intestines. The added bulk in the intestines stimulates peristalsis.
- Bulk-producing
- Emollient
- Fecal softeners
- Hyperosmolar
- Irritant or stimulant
- Saline
Bulk-producing
Action for what type of laxative?
Promote water retention in the fecal mass and soften the stool.
- Bulk-producing
- Emollient
- Fecal softeners
- Hyperosmolar
- Irritant or stimulant
- Saline
Fecal softeners
Action for what type of laxative?
Dehydrate local tissue causes irritation and increases peristalsis
- Bulk-producing
- Emollient
- Fecal softeners
- Hyperosmolar
- Irritant or stimulant
- Saline
Hyperosmolar
Action for what type of laxative?
Attract or pull water into the intestine, thereby increasing pressure in the intestine followed by an increase in peristalsis.
- Bulk-producing
- Emollient
- Fecal softeners
- Hyperosmolar
- Irritant or stimulant
- Saline
Saline
Action for what type of laxative? Increase peristalsis by direct action on the intestine. 1. Bulk-producing 2. Emollient 3. Fecal softeners 4. Hyperosmolar 5. Irritant or stimulant 6. Saline
Irritant or stimulant
Laxatives
High doses or prolonged use can cause diarrhea and a loss of ____ or _____.
water or electrolytes.
Examples of what type of laxative
- Glycerin (suppository)
- Polyethylene glycol (PEG): GoLYTELY, MiraLAX
- Lactulose: Enulose
- Sorbitol
- Bulk-producing
- Emollient
- Fecal softeners
- Hyperosmolar
- Irritant or stimulant
- Saline
hyperosmolar
Examples of what type of laxative
-Docusate sodium (Colace)
- Bulk-producing
- Emollient
- Fecal softeners
- Hyperosmolar
- Irritant or stimulant
- Saline
Fecal softeners
Examples of what type of laxative
- Bisacodyl: Dulcolax
- Senna: Senokot
- Bulk-producing
- Emollient
- Fecal softeners
- Hyperosmolar
- Irritant or stimulant
- Saline
Irritant or stimulant
Examples of what type of laxative
- Magnesium citrate
- Milk of magnesia
- Bulk-producing
- Emollient
- Fecal softeners
- Hyperosmolar
- Irritant or stimulant
- Saline
Saline
Examples of what type of laxative
-Mineral oil (enema)
- Bulk-producing
- Emollient
- Fecal softeners
- Hyperosmolar
- Irritant or stimulant
- Saline
emollient
Examples of what type of laxative
- Psyllium Metamucil
- Methylcellulose: Citrucel
- Polycarbophil: FiberCon
- Wheat dextrin: Benefiber
- Bulk-producing
- Emollient
- Fecal softeners
- Hyperosmolar
- Irritant or stimulant
- Saline
Bulk-producing
When administering Psyllium Metamucil you should tell your pt to drink at least ___ ounces of liquid with each dose
8
Examples of what class?
(a) Hydrocortisone: Anusol HC 2.5% Rectal Cream
(b) Cortifoam 10% rectal Foam: Proctocort
(c) Proctocream HC 2.5% Rectal Cream: Aquacort
(d) Pramoxine: Proctofoam 1% rectal Foam
(e) Tux pads: Witch hazel
Hemorrhoid agents
Treating the underlying hemorrhoidal condition are best achieved by increasing consumption of _____ , use of _______, applying warm sitz baths and invasive procedures.
fiber/fiber supplements
laxatives
