Antihistamines/Decongestants. Flashcards
What is Is a chemical created in the body. Produce vasodilation of arterioles and increased permeability of
capillaries and venule, which allows fluid to escape into the surrounding tissue
resulting in localized swelling.
Histamine
Highest amount of histamine is found in _____ and _____
basophils (WBC) and mast cells
1st generation antihistamines VS
2nd generation antihistamines
1st gen has increased side effects such as drowsiness since they cross the blood brain barrier.
2nd gen has fewer CNS side effects
H¹ - antihistamines work by binding to histamine H¹ receptors in mast cells,
smooth muscle, and endothelium in the body as well as in the in the brain in
order to prevent the release of histamine. They suppress the histamine-induced
______ and ______
wheal response (swelling) and flare response (vasodilation)
H¹- antihistamines are used to _______
treat allergic reactions
Can H¹- antihistamines also be used to treat insomnia, motion sickness, or vertigo
yes
H² - antihistamines bind to histamine H² receptors in the upper gastrointestinal
tract, primarily in the stomach.
Antihistamines that target the histamine H²
receptor are used to treat ________________
gastric acid conditions
Patients taking 1st generation antihistamines should be counseled to not operate ______, ______ or ______ while taking these medications
weapons, heavy machinery or motor vehicles
1st Generation or 2nd Generation
1) Diphenhydramine: Benadryl,
2) Hydroxyzine: Atarax
3) Promethazine: Phenergan
1st Generation
1st Generation or 2nd Generation
1) Cetirizine HCL: Zyrtec
2) Fexofenadine: Allegra
3) Loratadine: Claritin
2nd Generation
When a first-generation antihistamine is indicated for a pregnant women what one may be used?
Diphenhydramine
What medication is used for
- Reduce swelling of nasal passages
- Enhance drainage of sinuses
Decongestant
The active ingredients in most ingested decongestants are __________ or ________.
Pseudoephedrine
Phenylephrine
What class would you use for common cold, hay fever or upper respiratory allergies, sinus congestion, and pressure.
- Antihistamines
- Decongestant
Decongestant
Contraindications for what class?
(a) Use with caution in hypertension, DMII, and increased intraocular pressure.
(b) May worsen prostatic hyperplasia/urinary obstruction.
(c) Elderly may be more sensitive
(d) Pregnancy CAT C. Not recommended for use in pregnancy.
(e) Overuse of topical can cause rebound nasal congestion.
(f) Typically paired with an antihistamine.
Decongestants
Overuse of topical nasal decongestant can cause _________.
rebound nasal congestion
Oxymetazoline HCL: Afrin is Notorious for causing rebound congestion when
used for more than ___ days consecutively.
3
These drugs are from what class?
Oxymetazoline HCL
Pseudoephedrine: Sudafed
Phenylephrine
Decongestants
What type of class of bronchodilators? Release stimulants and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamine’s. Beta² receptors are in bronchial smooth muscle and when stimulated cause relaxation (dilation) of bronchioles
Beta² Agonists
What Class?
Reversible Airway Obstruction caused by bronchospasm due to bronchial asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm, bronchitis, emphysema, and other Obstructive pulmonary disease.
Beta² Agonists
What class of bronchodilator Antagonizes acetylcholine receptors, producing bronchodilation
Muscarinic Antagonists (a type of anticholinergic).
Use of what class of bronchodilator Symptomatic relief or prevention of bronchial asthma and the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Beta2
- Muscarinic
Muscarinic
Adverse effects of what class?
(a) Drowsiness or sedation /Flushed face (Red as beet).
(b) Blurred vision/mydriasis (Blind as Bat).
(c) Urinary retention (Stuffed as a pipe).
(d) Confusion or delirium (Mad as a hatter).
(e) Hallucinations (Mad as a hatter)
(f) Increased heart rate/Increased body temperature (Hot as a hare)
(g) Dry mouth ( Dry as Bone)
Muscarinic Antagonists, anticholinergic
Should you use a muscarinic antagoinst/anticholinergic for someone who has Peptic ulcer, seizure, arrhythmias, and hyperthyroid
no
Muscarinic antagoinst/anticholinergics are used with Caution for pts >__ years old
60
What Type of Bronchodilators
1) Ipratropium: Atrovent
2) Tiotropium: Spiriva
Muscarinic
What is dis?
Broncho constrictive substance released by the body during inflammation. Antagonist results in bronchodilation.
- Leukotriene
- Mast Cell Stabilizer
- Histamine
- Anti histamine
Leukotriene
What is dis?
Inhibit the release of substances that cause bronchoconstriction and inflammation from the mast cells in the respiratory tract.
- Leukotriene
- Mast Cell Stabilizer
- Histamine
- Anti histamine
Mast Cell Stabilizer
What class?
(a) Treatment of Asthma
(b) Treatment of COPD
Adverse effects
Headache, dizziness, unpleasant taste, and fatigue
Leukotriene Antagonist and Mast Cell Stabilizers
What subclass?
Montelukast: Singular
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
What subclass?
Montelukast: Singular
- Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
- Mast Cell Stabilizer
- Histamine
- Anti histamine
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
What subclass? Cromolyn: Nasalcrom 1. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist 2. Mast Cell Stabilizer 3. Histamine 4. Anti histamine
Mast Cell Stabilizer
Action of what class of Bronchodilators
a) Produce profound and varied metabolic effects, in addition to modifying the normal immune response and suppressing inflammation.
(b) Decrease inflammatory process in the airway through inhibiting multiple different inflammatory cytokines.
Inhaled Corticosteroids
________are used in the chronic management of reversible airway disease (asthma); intranasal and ophthalmic corticosteroids are used in the management of chronic allergic and inflammatory conditions.
- Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
- Mast Cell Stabilizer
- Inhaled Corticosteroids
- Anti histamine
Inhaled Corticosteroids
What subclass
(a) Budesonide: Pulmicort
(b) Fluticasone: Flovent
- Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
- Mast Cell Stabilizer
- Inhaled Corticosteroids
- Anti histamine
Inhaled Corticosteroids
