Rev 23 Flashcards
What is the pathophysiology of Celiac Sprue?
Autoimmune reaction to gluten leading to villous atrophy in the small intestine.
What are the symptoms of Celiac Sprue?
Diarrhea
weight loss
fatigue
and malabsorption.
How is Celiac Sprue diagnosed?
Positive serology for anti-tTG antibodies
confirmed by small bowel biopsy showing villous atrophy.
What is the management for Celiac Sprue?
Gluten-free diet.
How do you calculate carrier frequency for an autosomal recessive disorder?
Use Hardy-Weinberg principle: Carrier frequency = √(disease frequency) x 2.
What causes the first component of a split S1 in cardiac auscultation?
Asynchronous first closure of the mitral and then tricuspid valves.
What finding is crucial in determining decision-making capacity?
Understanding and appreciating the consequences of their decision.
What is the likely pathogen for a post-lamb delivery infection presenting with headache
Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
cough
fatigue
and myalgias?
How do you calculate myocardial oxygen supply?
Myocardial oxygen supply = Blood flow (mL/min) x Arterial oxygen concentration (mL O2/mL).
Calculate the myocardial oxygen supply for a blood flow of 30 mL/min and O2 concentration of 0.15 mL O2/mL
4.5 mL O2/min.
What is the increased risk associated with Rituximab treatment?
Infections due to B-cell depletion.
What is the mechanism of action of tetanospasmin?
Inhibition of inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA
glycine) in the CNS.
What is the likely diagnosis for multiple grapelike intrauterine structures on ultrasound?
Hydatidiform mole.
What enzyme deficiency causes recurrent abdominal pain
pancreatitis
xanthomas
and increased chylomicrons and triglycerides?
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL).
What causes acute hemolytic transfusion reactions?
Preformed IgM antibodies against transfused red blood cells.
What is the risk to offspring if both parents are carriers of alpha-thalassemia?
Severe forms like Hemoglobin H disease or hydrops fetalis.
How do you calculate specificity?
Specificity = True Negatives / (True Negatives + False Positives).
What is the specificity if 80 out of 100 non-cancer patients have normal results?
0.8
What biochemical marker is increased in renal artery stenosis?
Renin.
What phase is a drug trial with 100-200 subjects with moderate hypertension?
Phase II (testing efficacy and side effects).
What type of reaction is serum sickness?
Type III hypersensitivity reaction.
What dietary change helps improve carotenemia?
Reduce intake of carotenoid-rich foods (such as carrots and sweet potatoes).
What antibodies are found in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis?
Anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO).
What visual deficit can untreated strabismus cause in a child?
Deficits in depth perception.
