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Rapid Rev USMLE 1 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Penicillins

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis (PBPs)

Beta-lactamase production

Alteration in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)

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2
Q

Cephalosporins

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis (PBPs)

Beta-lactamase production

Alteration in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)

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3
Q

Carbapenems

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis (PBPs)

Carbapenemase production

Efflux pumps

Alteration in PBPs

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4
Q

Vancomycin

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis (D-Ala-D-Ala)

Alteration of D-Ala-D-Ala to D-Ala-D-Lac

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5
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Inhibit protein synthesis (30S ribosome)

Enzymatic modification (acetylation, phosphorylation, adenylation)

Alteration in ribosomal binding sites

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6
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Inhibit protein synthesis (30S ribosome)

Efflux pumps

Ribosomal protection proteins

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7
Q

Macrolides

A

Inhibit protein synthesis (50S ribosome)

Methylation of 23S rRNA

Efflux pumps

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8
Q

Clindamycin

A

Inhibit protein synthesis (50S ribosome)

Methylation of 23S rRNA

Enzymatic inactivation

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9
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Inhibit protein synthesis (50S ribosome)

Enzymatic inactivation (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase)

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10
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

Alteration in DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV

Efflux pumps

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11
Q

Rifampin

A

Inhibits RNA synthesis (RNA polymerase)

Alteration in RNA polymerase

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12
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Inhibit folate synthesis (dihydropteroate synthase)

Overproduction of PABA

Mutation in dihydropteroate synthase

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13
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Inhibits folate synthesis (dihydrofolate reductase)

Mutation in dihydrofolate reductase

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14
Q

Metronidazole

A

Produces free radicals damaging DNA

Reduced activation of the drug

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15
Q

Linezolid

A

Inhibits protein synthesis (50S ribosome)

Mutation in 23S rRNA

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16
Q

Daptomycin

A

Disrupts cell membrane

Alteration in cell membrane composition

17
Q

Bacillus Anthracis

A

Ploy D glutamic acid Capsule

Hemorrhagic mediasthitis and menangitis

Rapid Rev USMLE 1 (12 decks)

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